Personality Flashcards
Temperament
The genetic component to our personality
Personality
The thoughts feelings and behaviours that make an individual unique
Longitudinal study
A study carried out to show show how behaviour changes over time
Thomas chess and birch
To discover whether ways of responding to the environment remain stable throughout life
133 children from infancy to adulthood and parents interviewed
3 types easy difficult and slow to warm up
Temperament is innate
Monozygotic twins
Dizygotic twins
M- twins developed from one fertilised
D- twins developed from two separetly fertilised eggs
Buss and plomin
Aim to test idea that temperament is innate
Studied D&M twins & looked at emotionality, activity and sociability
Closer correlations between M twins
Temperament has a genetic basis
Kagan and snidman
Aim to investigate whether temperament is due to biological differences.
Baby sat with care giver then caregiver went out of sight and studied babies reactions.
Few babies cried
Some little movement
Rest fell in between
Extroversion
A personality type that describes people who look to the outside world for entertainment
Introversion
Someone who is content with there own company
Neuroticism
Someone highly emotional and show quick intense fear
Eysenck
To investigate personality differences
700 servicemen did a questionaire and anayalysed results
Results extroversion and introversion
Conclusions is that everyone fits into the 2 dimensions most people in middle
Epi and epq
Inventry
Questionaire
Pyschoyicism
3rd dimension by Eysenck people who score high on this dimension are hostile aggressive insensitive and cruel
Antisocial personality disorder
A condition in which the individual does not use socially acceptable behaviour or consider the rights of others
Characteristics of apd
Doesn't follow rules Compulsive lying Doesn't plan ahead Aggressive Careless about safety Irresponsible Steals
Amygdala
In central cortex I between the 2 hemispheres and doesn’t work properly if you suffer from apd, part of brain that is involved with emotions and responsible for learning from the negative consequences of our actions
Raine et al
To support theories that something wrong with prefrontal cortex can cause apd
Mri scan in 21 apd men then 34 healthy men all volunteers
Apd had less grey matter
Apd is caused by a reduction is prefrontal grey matter
Farrington
To investigate development of offendi g and antisocial behaviour In males from childhood To the age of 50
Longitudinal study in London interviews and looked at criminal records
41% convicted once between age of 1 to 50 because of poverty or no education
Situational factors lead to development of antisocial behaviour
Elander et al
Investigating childhood risk factors used to predict antisocial behaviour in adulthood
225 twins diagnosed with disorders then interviewed 10 to 25 years later
Low iq hyperactivity were predictors of apd and adult life style criminality
Disruptive behaviour in childhood can be used to predict apd in adulthood
