Personality 3 + Social 1 Flashcards
How universal are the BIG FIVE?
The big five emerge best in Westernized nations, although it does emerge across all cultures. Culture DOES have an impact though.
Extraversion, Agreeableness, conscientiousness replicates across all cultures
What is selective Migration?
People are happier when their emvironment match their personality
People tend to move towards places that tend to mirror their personality.
What is the person-situation controversy?
The question:
Is Behavior better predicted by traits or by situational factors?
The average correlation between trait and behavior is only 0.3, so the person-situation theory is somewhat supported
What are strong and weak situations?
strong situations:
- dictates behaviour
- same behavior through people with different traits (ex/ classroom, job interview, elevator, sky train,)
Weak situations:
- does not dictate behaviour
- different behaviours from different traits (ex/ bar, park,)
What is one assumption of trait theory?
traits are the true predictor of behavior
What is social psychology?
Social psychology is how our thoughts, feelings, and hevaiours are influenced by our surroundings
what are attributions?
Attributions: explanations for events, actions including others’ behaviors
There are 2 types of attributions:
- dispositional
- situational
What is dispositional and situational attributions?
Dispositional attribution: Behaviour is determined by internal factors (like ability, mood, effort, traits)
Situational attribution: Behaviour is determined by the environment
What is correspondence bias?
We make dispositional attributions for others’ behaviors when the situation can better explain the behaviour.
Ex/ The participants knew the author was instructed to write a Pro-Castro Essay (situational explination) but they still thought the author was pro-Castro (dispositional attribution)
EVEN IN THE PRESENCE OF A SITUATION BIAS, WE TEND TO ASSOCIATE DISPOSITIOANL ATTRIZBUTIONS RATHER THAN SITUATIONAL ATTRIBUTIONS
How does correspondence bias change across cultures?
Collectivist cultures: more likely to focus on just situational attribution and less likely to focus on dispositional attribution, but
- they do tend to make the correspondence bias, but to a lesser extent than people from individualistic cultures
What is the actor-observer bias?
For other people’s behaviors: we make a correspondence bias
Ex/ GPS wasn’t working (situation explanation)
Attribution; That jerk cut in line (dispositional attribution)
For our Own Behavior: We make the correct situational attribution
Ex/ GPS wasn’t working (situation explanation)
Attribution: my GPS wasn’t working (situational attribution)
What are self-serving bias?
The tendency towards the explination that makes us look the best and others the worse.
For failures
- we make situation attributions for ourselves (I was unlucky) and dispositional attributions to others (he’s untalented)
For success
- We make dispositional attributions for ourselves (I am talented) and situational attributions to others (they got lucky)
What are attitudes?
They’re an evaluation of a person, idea, or an object. This can be positive or negative.
FUNDAMENTAL IDEA:
- PEOPLE WANT TO HOLD CORRECT ATTITUDES
What are the three components to attitude?
Affect component - how you feel towards something
Cognitive component - how you think about something
Behavioral component - how you behave in regards to something
Attitude persuasion: What is the Yale Method?
Messenger: CREDIBILITY of the messenger
- This is why we see attractive people in persuasive commercials (we see more attractive people as more credible)
Message: SUBTLE (important but not obvious) and have SIDEDNESS and have good TIMING
- If the message is more subtle, you’re more likely to listen.
- Sidedness: Helps if people are on your side
- Timing (primacy vs. recency). Think about how we need breaks in class (primacy) and how the beginning of class is easier than the end (recency)
AUDIENCE
