Personality 2 Flashcards
What did the Behaviorists believe personality to be?
They believed:
- Personality develops across the lifespan
- personality is not fixed
- personality is only shaped by the environment through learning principles of reinforcement/punishment
They believed that one has to interact with the stimulus and to directly experience the reinforcement, but THIS IS NOT A STRICT RULE
(Think about the dog who saw people buy stuff with money and brought a green leaf, or the children who mimicked the actions of adults who were rewarded and not punished)
how does “Reciprocal Determinism” reinforce personality characteristics?
- Our cognitions, behaviors, and environments all influence on another
- Our personalities lead us to certain situations and engage in certain behaviors, and these, in turn, reinforce our personality traits
What is the internal locus of control?
Someone who believes:
- they have the power over their life
- They make things happen
- THeir efforts and decisions determine their outcome
What is an external locus of control?
Someone who believes:
- that outcomes are beyond their control
- life happens to them
- luck and fate have more power over my outcomes than I do
What’s the difference between internal and external locus of control?
If 2 people with different locus of controls lose a snowboard competition:
Internal - has control and looks for solutions
- I didn’t practice hard enough
- I should have prepared more on this snow
- WILL TRY AGAIN
External - doesn’t have control, looks to external factors
- It just wasn’t meant to be
- I wasn’t used to the snow
- WILL GIVE UP
What have studies determined about different locus of control?
Internal locus of control will:
- be healthier
- study harder
- get better grades
- achieve more in career
External locus of control will:
- give more lenient punishments for crimes
What is social-cognitive prespective?
It states that:
- Our cognitions interact with behaviours and environments to each shape the other
Related to Reciprocal Detrminism
Who is Allport?
He believed in Trait Theory:
Cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits
He combed through a dictionary and took our all descriptive words, narrowed it down into a list
- people either had or didn’t have a trait
What are cardinal, central, and secondary traits?
Cardinal traits: A single trait that describes their whole personality
Central traits: The main ways in which we describe ourselves
Secondary traits: Not obvious and do not regularly appear (only in certain situations)
Who is Allport?
He believed in Trait Theory:
Cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits
- thorough description of personality
- people either had or didn’t have a trait
Who is Cattell? How did he advance trait theory?
He combed through a dictionary and took our all-descriptive words, narrowed it down into a list.
Ultimately, he narrowed all descriptive words into THE BIG 5 (5 big catagories)
Name the BIG 5 (catagories for personality traits)
OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
What is openness?
People who are more creative, think more divergently
- correlation to trying new foods
- correlation to meeting new people
What is Conscientiousness?
People who are hard working, self disciplined, and self directed. Tendy to be tardy and disorganized
- Correlation to a messy room
- correlation to sticking to deadlines
What is Extroversion?
Someone who is outgoing warm, friendly, likes meeting people, makes friends easily, recharges by being around others, etc.
- correlation to closer firends
- correlation to happier
