Personality

Question 1

predispositional theories

Answer 1

= theories that Describe

Question 2

Process theories

Answer 2

= theory that explains

Question 3

temperament

Answer 3

= innate personality dispositions that are determined biologically and genetically

Question 4

trait theory

Answer 4

trait = dimensions of personality dispositions (temperament + experiences)

• multi-dimension
• multiple
• stable

Question 5

Five-factor theory

Answer 5

- five primary traits that determines personality:
{OCEAN} = 
- Openness; 
- Conscientiousness (self-discipline); 
- Extraversion; 
- Agreeableness; 
- Neuroticism

Question 6

16 personality factor questionnaire

Question 7

NEO-PI

Answer 7

Neo-personality Inventory

Question 8

MMPI

Answer 8

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

- used mostly in clinical settings

Question 9

dimension used to determine goodness of psychological tests

Answer 9

• Reliability (Consistancy)

- Validity (Accuracy)

Question 10

Type theory

Answer 10

Type = categories of personality disposition

Question 11

Hippocrates’ Humour Theory

Answer 11

In ancient times, ppl believe the 4 bodily fluids determined personality
- yellow bile, black bile, body-blood, phlegm

Question 12

MBTI

Answer 12

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 13

Psychodynamics

Answer 13

focused on

Motivation; Unconsciousness; Mental illness

Question 14

Freud’s psychodynamic theory

Answer 14

• personality determined by unconsciou motivation

Question 15

Ego (consciousness) defence mechanism

Answer 15

• preconscious protective behaviour to minimise conflict/anxiety

Question 16

projective test

Answer 16

tools to test unconscious motivation

= interpretation of ambiguous picture

Question 17

8 means of Ego defensive mechanism

Answer 17

• Displacement
• Denial
• Repression (suppress thoughts)
• Regression (move back to previous comfort zone)
• Rationalisation (finding reasonable excuse)
• Projection (project to others)
• Sublimation (express in socially acceptable way)

Question 18

Psychic determinism

Answer 18

= idea that all behaviours are determined by unconscious thoughs

Question 19

Neo-Freud

Answer 19

Carl Jung

Karen horney

Question 20

Psychosexual behaviour

Answer 20

sexual behaviour development over time provides support to psychic determinism

Question 21

fixation

Answer 21

• arrested at immature stage of sexual development

Question 22

Identification

Answer 22

= trying to be another person and replace (e.g. daughter want to replace mom)

Question 23

Carl Jung

Answer 23

• motivation = spirituality + unconscious

- unconscious = personal + social

Question 24

Archetype

Answer 24

social unconsciousness

Question 25

4 main archetypes of the self

Answer 25

self = internal image female/male shadow = avoided self persona = external, presented self

Question 26

principle of the opposite

Answer 26

tendency to favour one of the pair

Question 27

Karen Horney

Answer 27

Motivation = conscious + unconscious + socially learnt

Question 28

Ten neurotic Needs

Answer 28

- socially learnt desires that shape motivation, hence influence personality

Question 29

Humanistic theories

Answer 29

focused on Human potential, mental health

Question 30

Maslow's self-actualising personality

Answer 30

= idea that one can only self-actualise and reach full potential when basic needs are met

Question 31

Carle Roger's Phemonemal field

Answer 31

self = ideal-self + self-image - one if fully functioning only when idea-self = self image - via self-actualisation

Question 32

conditioned positive regard

Answer 32

= children who are lovde and cared with condition --> less ability to self-actualisation

Question 33

Social-cognitive theories

Answer 33

- focused on social interaction, learning and cognition

Question 34

Bandura's SLT

Answer 34

personality is a result of: - experience - observation of role model - expectation of reward

Question 35

Theory of locus of control

Answer 35

personality determined by: | - Internal vs external control

Question 36

implicit personality theory

Answer 36

- stereotype about personality + provide shortcut - misunderstanding of others

Question 37

self-narrative

Answer 37

- 'stories' one told to oneself in order to maintain consistency

Question 38

cultural influence

Answer 38

- individualism = more Fundamental Fttribution Error (max internal factors and avoid social factors) - collectivism