Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

predispositional theories

A

= theories that Describe

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2
Q

Process theories

A

= theory that explains

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3
Q

temperament

A

= innate personality dispositions that are determined biologically and genetically

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4
Q

trait theory

A

trait = dimensions of personality dispositions (temperament + experiences)

  • multi-dimension
  • multiple
  • stable
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5
Q

Five-factor theory

A
- five primary traits that determines personality:
{OCEAN} = 
- Openness; 
- Conscientiousness (self-discipline); 
- Extraversion; 
- Agreeableness; 
- Neuroticism
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6
Q

16 personality factor questionnaire

A
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7
Q

NEO-PI

A

Neo-personality Inventory

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8
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

- used mostly in clinical settings

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9
Q

dimension used to determine goodness of psychological tests

A
  • Reliability (Consistancy)

- Validity (Accuracy)

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10
Q

Type theory

A

Type = categories of personality disposition

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11
Q

Hippocrates’ Humour Theory

A

In ancient times, ppl believe the 4 bodily fluids determined personality
- yellow bile, black bile, body-blood, phlegm

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12
Q

MBTI

A

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

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13
Q

Psychodynamics

A

focused on

Motivation; Unconsciousness; Mental illness

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14
Q

Freud’s psychodynamic theory

A
  • personality determined by unconsciou motivation
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15
Q

Ego (consciousness) defence mechanism

A
  • preconscious protective behaviour to minimise conflict/anxiety
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16
Q

projective test

A

tools to test unconscious motivation

= interpretation of ambiguous picture

17
Q

8 means of Ego defensive mechanism

A
  • Displacement
  • Denial
  • Repression (suppress thoughts)
  • Regression (move back to previous comfort zone)
  • Rationalisation (finding reasonable excuse)
  • Projection (project to others)
  • Sublimation (express in socially acceptable way)
18
Q

Psychic determinism

A

= idea that all behaviours are determined by unconscious thoughs

19
Q

Neo-Freud

A

Carl Jung

Karen horney

20
Q

Psychosexual behaviour

A

sexual behaviour development over time provides support to psychic determinism

21
Q

fixation

A
  • arrested at immature stage of sexual development
22
Q

Identification

A

= trying to be another person and replace (e.g. daughter want to replace mom)

23
Q

Carl Jung

A
  • motivation = spirituality + unconscious

- unconscious = personal + social

24
Q

Archetype

A

social unconsciousness

25
Q

4 main archetypes of the self

A

self = internal image
female/male
shadow = avoided self
persona = external, presented self

26
Q

principle of the opposite

A

tendency to favour one of the pair

27
Q

Karen Horney

A

Motivation = conscious + unconscious + socially learnt

28
Q

Ten neurotic Needs

A
  • socially learnt desires that shape motivation, hence influence personality
29
Q

Humanistic theories

A

focused on Human potential, mental health

30
Q

Maslow’s self-actualising personality

A

= idea that one can only self-actualise and reach full potential when basic needs are met

31
Q

Carle Roger’s Phemonemal field

A

self = ideal-self + self-image

  • one if fully functioning only when idea-self = self image
  • via self-actualisation
32
Q

conditioned positive regard

A

= children who are lovde and cared with condition –> less ability to self-actualisation

33
Q

Social-cognitive theories

A
  • focused on social interaction, learning and cognition
34
Q

Bandura’s SLT

A

personality is a result of:

  • experience
  • observation of role model
  • expectation of reward
35
Q

Theory of locus of control

A

personality determined by:

- Internal vs external control

36
Q

implicit personality theory

A
  • stereotype about personality

+ provide shortcut
- misunderstanding of others

37
Q

self-narrative

A
  • ‘stories’ one told to oneself in order to maintain consistency
38
Q

cultural influence

A
  • individualism = more Fundamental Fttribution Error (max internal factors and avoid social factors)
  • collectivism