Learning

Question 1

classical condition

Answer 1

• innate

- based on prior experience

Question 2

UCS, UCR, CS, CR

Answer 2

UCS —> CS —> UCR/CR

Question 3

Little Albert study

Answer 3

furry animal = CS
bell ring = UCS
fear = UCR/CR

Question 4

Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery

Question 5

application of classical condition

Answer 5

• stimulation generalisation (family brand)
• stimulation discrimination
• counter-conditioning = remove/add desired behaviour

Question 6

operant condition

Answer 6

• voluntarily emitted

- based on consequences after trial-and-error

Question 7

punishment vs reinforcer

Answer 7

• punishment = remove certain behaviour

- reinforcer = add/encourage certain behaviour

Question 8

positive vs negative

Answer 8

positive = add sth
negative = remove sth

Question 9

types of reinforcement (timewise)

Answer 9

intermittent = better maintaining
continuous = extinction occur rapidly if stopped
ratio/internal = best maintained
fixed/variable = poor maintaining

Question 10

cognitive learning

Answer 10

insight learning
latent learning
observational learning

Question 11

insight learning

Answer 11

‘lightbulb moment’

sudden, without trial-and-error

Question 12

latent learning

Answer 12

= change in perspectives, NOT observable until next chance of behaving

Question 13

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

Answer 13

• behaviours can be learnt indirectly from observation of other social models

Attention
Retentional - remembering
Reproduction
Motivation

Question 14

Bandura’s Bobo doll study

Question 15

Brain Mechanism

Answer 15

LTM
- physical changes of the strength of synapses = synaptic pruning
STM
- mirror cells