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Digestive System > Peritoneum , Peritoneal Cavity , Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Peritoneum , Peritoneal Cavity , Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium is Peritoneum made up of?

A

It is made up of tough layer of elastic tissue lined with the simple squamous epithelium

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2
Q

Which type of Peritoneum forms Mesenteries hich surround the intricately folded and tightly packed gut tube, liver, and spleen?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

True or False? Parietal peritoneum can easily be stripped off while Visceral peritoneum can’t be easily stripped off.

A

TRUE!!

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4
Q

Where is Parietal peritoneum embryologically derived from?

A

Parietal peritoneum is embryonically derived from the somatopleuric layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.

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5
Q

Where is Visceral Peritoneum embryologically derived from?

A

Embryologically it is derived from the splanchnopleuric layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

Visceral - Spanchno

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6
Q

Fill in the blanks.” Parietal peritoneum is innervated by ________ while Visceral peritoneum is innervated by _________. “

A

Parietal peritoneum - Somatic Nerves

Visceral Peritoneum - Autonomic nerves

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7
Q

Which organs are primarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Suprarenal glands
  • Ureters
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8
Q

Which organs are Secondarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • Pancreas (except tail)
  • Duodenum (except initial 2 cm)
  • Ascending colon
  • Descending colon
  • Caecum
  • Rectum (upper two-third)
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9
Q

What are the functions of peritoneal folds?

A
  1. To provide mobility to the viscera.
  2. To provide passage to vessels and nerves.
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10
Q

True or False? The ventral part of the ventral mesogastrium gives forms the Falciform and Coronary ligaments.

A

TRUE!!

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11
Q

Fill in the banks.” _________ arises from the dorsal part of the ventral mesagastium.”

A

Lesser omentum

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12
Q

The dorsal part of the dorsal mesagastirum gives rise to what structures?

A

Lienorenal and gastrophrenic ligaments.

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13
Q

The ventral part of the ventral mesogastrium gives rise to what structures?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament (Gastrosplenic omentum)

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14
Q

To what structures are the lesser momentum attached to?

A
  1. Inferiorly it is attached to the right side of the abdominal oesophagus, lesser curvature of the stomach, and first 2 cm of the duodenum.
  2. Superiorly it is attached in the inverted ‘L’-shaped manner to the margins of fissure for ligamentum venosum and porta hepatis.
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15
Q

What forms the anterior boundary of the lesser omentum?

A

The right free margin of lesser omentum where the anterior and posterior layers of peritoneum become continuous.

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16
Q

What structures are found in the right free margin of the Lesser omentum?

A

(a) Portal vein
b) Hepatic artery and bile duct anterior to the portal vein, with duct to the right of the artery.
(c) Autonomic nerves.
(d) Lymphatic and lymph nodes.

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17
Q

Where does the duodenojejunal flexure lie?

A

Left side of L2

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18
Q

Where does the Root of the mesentery (attached border) extend from?

A

It is attached to an oblique line across the posterior abdominal wall, extending from the duodenojejunal flexure to the ileocecal junction.

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19
Q

What structures does the root of the mesentery pass infront of ?

A

(i) Horizontal (third) part of duodenum.
(ii) Abdominal aorta.
(iii) Inferior vena cava.
(iv) Right gonadal vessels.
(v) Right ureter.
(vi) Right psoas major muscle.

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20
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The root of mesentery divides the infracolic compartment into two parts: right and left. The right one is small and terminates ______________.”

A

In the right of the iliac fossa.

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21
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The root of mesentery divides the infracolic compartment into two parts: right and left. The left one is large and _____________.”

A

Passes without interruption into true pelvis.

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22
Q

How long is the intestinal (free border) of the mesentery?

A

It is about 6 m (20 feet) long and encloses the jejunum and ileum.

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23
Q

Where does the lesser sac ( omental bursa) lie?

A

Lies behind the stomach, liver, and lesser omentum as a diverticulum from the greater sac.

24
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The greater sac and lesser sac communicate with each other via the _________”

A

Epiploic foramen/ Foramen of Winslow/ Aditus

25
Q

What is the name of the structure that divides the peritoneal cavity into an anterosuperior supracolic and posteroinferior infracolic compartments?

A

Transverse colon and its mesentery—the transverse mesocolon

26
Q

What is the name of the structure that divides the Upper GI tract from the Lower GI tract?

A

Ligament of Treitz

27
Q

The Supracolic compartment or peritoneal cavity surrounds what structures?

A

Liver, stomach, spleen, and the superior part of the duodenum

28
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The supra colic compartment lies _______ to the pancreas, duodenum , kidney and renal glands. “

A

Anterior

29
Q

What are the boundaries of the Foramen of Winslow?

A

Anterior: Right free border of the lesser omentum containing bile duct, vertical part of the hepatic artery, and portal vein. Remember duct and artery are anterior to the vein with the duct being to the right of the artery. (The duct is dexter, which means to the right.)

Posterior: Inferior vena cava and right suprarenal gland.

Superior: Caudate process of the caudate lobe of the liver.

Inferior:First part of the duodenum and horizontal part of the hepatic artery.

30
Q

Where is the Paraduodenal fossa located?

A

A peritoneal recess between the duodenojejunal flexure and the inferior mesenteric vein. Its orifice looks to the right.

31
Q

Where is the Retrocaecal fossa located?

A

A recess of the peritoneum behind caecum, in which the appendix frequently lies.

32
Q

Which fossa of the peritoneal cavity is a triangular recess formed by the inverted V-shaped attachment of the sigmoid mesocolon. This recess is open inferomedially?

A

Intersigmoid fossa:

33
Q

The Right posterior intraperitoneal compartment is also known as?

A

HEPATORENAL POUCH OR MORISON’S POUCH

34
Q

Where is the Hepatorenal pouch of Morison located?

A

It is situated between the posteroinferior surface of the liver and front of the right kidney

35
Q

What are the boundaries of the Hepatorenal Such of Morrison?

A

Anterior: Posteroinferior (visceral) surface of the liver.

Posterior: Peritoneum covering the front of the upper pole of the right kidney and the diaphragm.

Above: Posterior (inferior) layer of the coronary ligament.

Below: Transverse colon and mesocolon.

36
Q

What are the three recesses found in the Lesser Sac?

A

Superior
Inferior
Splenic

37
Q

Where is the superior recess of the lesser sac located?

A

It lies behind the lesser omentum and the liver. The portion behind the lesser omentum is termed vestibule of the lesser sac.

38
Q

True or False? The inferior recess of the lesser sac lies between the anterior two layers and the posterior two layers of the greater omentum.

A

TRUE!!

39
Q

What recess of the sac lies between the gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments?

A

Splenic Recess

40
Q

Which part of the subphrenic space is also known as the lesser sac?

A

Left posterior intraperitoneal compartment.

41
Q

What are the boundaries of the Retrouterine Pouch of Douglas?

A

Anteriorly: By the uterus and the upper one-third of the vagina (posterior fornix of vagina).
Posteriorly: By the rectum.
Inferiorly (floor): By the rectovaginal fold of the peritoneum.
The floor of the pouch is about 5.5 cm above the perineal skin.

42
Q

Where does the lines semilunaris extend from?

A

It extends from the tip of the 9th costal cartilage at costal margin (This is also on transverse pyloric plane at L1) to pubic tubercle that we can palpate.

43
Q

At what vertebral level is the transtubercular (aka intertubercular) plane located?

A

L5

44
Q

At what vertebral level is your transpyloric plane?

A

L1

45
Q

At what vertebral level is your transumbilical plane?

A

L3/L4

46
Q

Fill in the blanks.” The external oblique muscles fibres indigitates with the origin of serratus anterior from ribs _______and it interdigitates with origin of latissimus dorsi from ribs _______.”

A

Ribs 5- 8 (Serratus Anterior)
Ribs 8-12 ( Lat Dorsi)

47
Q

What is the nerve supply for the External Oblique muscle?

A

T7-11

48
Q

In which area of the anterior abdominal wall is a rare site for abdominal wall hernia?

A

Lower lumbar triangle of Petit

49
Q

Fill in the blanks . “The lower fibres of the Transverse abdomens muscle fuse with lower fibres of the internal oblique to form _______.”

A

Conjoint Tendon

50
Q

Where is McBurney’s point located?

A

It is a point at the junction of medial 2/3rd and lateral 1/3rd of the line extending from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine (spinoumbilical line).

51
Q

What lies deep to McBurney’s point?

A

The appendix

52
Q

Where is Murphy’s point located?

A

It is a point where linea semilunaris meets the right subcostal margin. It corresponds to the tip of the 9th costal cartilage.

53
Q

What structure lies deep to Murphy’s point?

A

The funds of the gallbladder.

54
Q

Where is the umbilicus located in the anterior abdominal wall?

A

L3 & L4

55
Q

At what levels are the Tendenous intersections of the rectus abdominis muscles present?

A
  1. level of umbilicus
    2.level of xiphoid
    3.Midway between these 2 levels.
56
Q

Where is the Arcuate line located?

A

Approximately 4 cm below the umbilicus

57
Q

Through what structure does the Superior Epigastric artery pass through and ?

A

Space of Larrey between the sternal origin and costal origins of the diaphragm

Digestive System (16 decks)

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