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Digestive System > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The pancreas is formed by ___________ of ___________.”

A

2 pancreatic buds of Endodermal cells

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2
Q

What are the 2 pancreatic buds that form the pancreas?

A

Dorsal & Ventral buds

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3
Q

What are the relations to the Dorsal pancreatic bud?

A

Dorsal mesentery
Ligament of Treitz
Larger & slightly cranial to ventral bud

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4
Q

What are the relations to the Ventral pancreatic bud?

A

Close to the bile duct
Ventral mesentery

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5
Q

At what time during embryonic development do the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds develop?

A

5 th to 8th week

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6
Q

What structures of the pancreas is formed by the ventral bud?

A

Forms the uncinate process and inferior part of the head.

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7
Q

What structures of the pancreas is formed by the dorsal bud?

A

Forms the upper part of the pancreatic head , neck , body and tail

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8
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The main pancreatic duct of Wirsung is formed by _____.”

A
  • Distal part of the dorsal pancreatic duct.
  • Entire ventral pancreatic duct.
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9
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini is formed by ________.”

A

The proximal part of the dorsal pancreatic duct .

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10
Q

What is the name of the condition given when the pancreatic duct system fails to fuse?

A

Pancreas Divisium

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11
Q

What happens in the Annular pancreas?

A

This is a congenital abnormality resulting from the a bifid ventral pancreatic duct. During the rotation of the duodenum, one limb fails to to rotate or may grow in the opposite direction to encircle the duodenum.

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12
Q

The first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what bony structures?

A

Malleus
Mandible
Maxilla
Incus
Sphenomandibular ligament
Squamous part of Temporal bone

Zygoma
Anterior ligament of malleus
Greater wing of sphenoid bone

1 st arch - MISS ZAG

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13
Q

What structures does the second pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Lesser cornu(horn) of hyoid bone
Upper part of body of hyoid bone
Stapes
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament

Second- LUSS

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14
Q

The greater cornu(horn) of the hyoid bone and lower part of the body of hyoid bone arises from what pharyngeal arch?

A

Third pharyngeal arch

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15
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ During the development of the third week, differentiation of the mesodermal layers forms _____, _______& ______.”

A

Para axial Plate
Intermediate Plate
Lateral Plate

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16
Q

A split in the lateral plate mesoderm, leads To development of the ___________.

A

Intra Embryonic coelom

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17
Q

Fill in the blanks. “At the end of the third week, Later, intra and extra embryonic coelom unite to form ________.”

A

Pleuroperitoneal cavity

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18
Q

True or False? Intra embryonic somatic mesoderm lines the the body wall while the Intra embryonic splanchnic mesoderm lines the gut tube and developing heart.

A

TRUE!!

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19
Q

What is the name of the the structure that shifts caudally to form the Stomadeum?

A

The buccopharyngeal membrane

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20
Q

The skeletal muscles and vascular component of the pharyngeal arches are derived from?

A

Splanchnic Mesoderm

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21
Q

What are the motor nerves of the Pharyngeal arches?

A

I - Trigeminal nerve ( That)
II- Facial nerve ( Food)
III- Glossopharyngeal nerve ( Gave)
IV- Vagus ( Pharyngeal plexus) (Very)
VI- Vagus ( Vagal Plexus) (Vegan)

“That Food Gave Very Vegan”

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22
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The mandible develops by intra-membranous ossification around ______________.”

A

Mechel’s cartilage

M for mandible , M for Mechels

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23
Q

What are the muscle derivatives for the 1st Pharyngeal arch?

A

Masseter
Mylohyoid
Medial & lateral pterygoids
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Tensor tympani
Temporalis

MMMATT muscles came 1st

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24
Q

What are the muscles of the Second arch derivatives?

A

Posterior Belly of Digastric
Muscles of facial expression
Stylohyoid
Stapedius

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25
Q

What is the nerve of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Mandibular branch of Tigeminal

26
Q

True or False? Third arch derivatives includes the greater horn of the hyoid bone, lower part of the body of hyoid bone, styloglossus, and the nerve is glossopharyngeal nerve.

A

FALSE!!

Bones
- Greater horn of hyoid bone
-Upper part of body of hyoid bone

Muscle
- STYLOPHARYNGEOUS muscle

Nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve

27
Q

At what time does the tongue begin to form?

A

At the end of the fourth week

28
Q

What are the structures that give rise to the tongue that derive from the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Body ( Anterior 2/3)
Lateral lingual swellings
Medial lingual welling ( tuberculum impar )

29
Q

The copula ( Posterior part of tongue) and epiglottis which gives rise to the tongue are derived from which arches?

A

Second, Third and Fourth arch

30
Q

What are the Fourth Pharyngeal arch derivatives?

A

Bone - Thyroid Cartilage

Muscle-
P- Palatopharyngeous
P- Palatoglossus
P- Pharyngeal constrictors
L- Levator ani muscle
S- Salpingopharyngeous

” PPPLS let remember the 4 th arch derivatives”

31
Q

What are the 6th Pharyngeal arch derivatives ?

A

Striated muscles of the oesophagus.
Cricopharyngeus
Upper 2/3 of esophageal muscle
Intrinsic muscles of larynx
- Cricoarytenoideus ( posterior and lateral )
- Arythenoideus ( Transverse and oblique )
- Aryepiglotticus
- Thyroarytenoideus
- Thyroepiglotticus

32
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The thymus is derived from the ________ pouch.”

A

Third pharyngeal- ventral part

33
Q

The tonsillar fossa with tonsillar crypts arises from which Pharyngeal pouch?

A

Second Pharyngeal pouch

34
Q

The tubotympanic recess is apart of which pharyngeal pouch?

A

The 1st pouch
Contains- Pharyngotympanic tube
Tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum
Inner layer of the ear drum

35
Q

The 5th pharyngeal pouch gives rise to what structure?

A

Ultimopharyngeal body
- The parafollicular C cells migrate to the thyroid gland which produce calcitonin

36
Q

What is the ONLY pharyngeal membrane to persists?

A

The tympanic membrane.

37
Q

What is the name of the structure that covers 2nd 3rd and 4th pharyngeal clefts ?

A

Cervical mantle

38
Q

What structures are apart of the 1st Pharyngeal cleft?

A

External auditory meatus
Outer layer of tympanic membrane

39
Q

When does the Oropharyngeal membrane in the stomodeum rupture?

A

Between 4th & 5th

40
Q

When does the oesophagus reaches its final relative length?

A

By the 7th week of Gestation

41
Q

The lower 1/3 smooth muscular coat of the oesophagus is developed from?

A

Splanchnic mesochyme

42
Q

What are the somatic and splanchnic sphincters of the oesophagus?

A

Somatic( Voluntary) - Cricopharyngeus muscle)
Splancnic ( Inoluntary) - Lower third of esophagus
Cardio-esophageal junction

43
Q

Which congenital abnormality arises form a sponataneous deviation of trachea-oesophageal septum?

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula
‘ spoilt zip’

44
Q

The are of communication between the midst section and a yolk sac represents the?

A

Vitilline duct

45
Q

What is the degree for the first rotation of the stomach?

A

90 degrees

46
Q

Fill in the blanks. “Due to the rotation of the stomach , the left vagus nerve becomes _______ and the right vagus nerve becomes __________.”

A

Left becomes Posterior ( LP)
Right becomes Anterior ( RA- Right Angle )

47
Q

Which embryological structures forms the duodenum?

A

The duodenum is formed from the distal foregut and proximal midgut

48
Q

When does bile formation begin?

A

In the 12th week

49
Q

What process leads to the formation of the Trilamnar disc?

A

Gastrulation

50
Q

In the lower GIT, what structures separate the caudal end of the notochord from the cloacal membrane?

A

Primitive node & Primitive streak

51
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The base of the Vitilline duct will later develop into ________.”

A

The bladder

52
Q

What structures do the Proximal limb of the bowel loop give rise to?

A

Distal duodenum
Jejunum
Proximal ilium up to Meckel’s diverticulum

53
Q

What structures dies the distal limb of the bowel loop give rise to?

A

Distal ilium
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

54
Q

At what time does the Mesodermal ridge between allantois and hindgut ( urorectal septum )start its descent towards the cloacal membrane?

A

4th week

55
Q

True or False? The urorectal septum meets the cloacal membrane during the 6th week.

A

FALSE!! During the 7th week.

56
Q

What happens during the 5th week of the development of lower GIT?

A

A common passage cloaca is shared between the primitive urogenital sinus anteriorly and the hindgut posteriorly.

57
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The tip of the urorectal septum where it meets the cloacal membrane becomes the _______.”

A

Perineal membrane

58
Q

Fill in the blanks.” The upper 2/3 of the anal canal is of ____________ origin and supplied by the ____________.”

A

Endodermal origin and supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.

59
Q

The lower 1/3 of the anal canal is of ______ origin and supplied by the __________ ( systemic )

A

Ectodermal (Proctodeum) origin and supplied by the inferior rectal artery

60
Q

The urogenital membrane persists in women as the __________?

A

Hymen

61
Q
A

Digestive System (16 decks)

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