Peritoneum, Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries - Thomas

Question 1

Branches of the celiac trunk and the part of gut it is responsible for

Answer 1

Splenic artery
Left gastric
Common hepatic
Foregut

Question 2

Branches of superior mesenteric and the part of gut it is responsible for

Answer 2

Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic
Midgut

Question 3

Branches of inferior mesenteric and the part of gut it is responsible for

Answer 3

Left colic
Sigmoid branches
Superior rectal
Hindgut

Question 4

Peritoneum - 2 layers and pain fibers

Answer 4

1. Parietal - lines body wall - abundant pain fibers

2. Visceral - covers viscera - lacks pain fibers

Question 5

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 5

Invests viscera/organs
Sensitive to stretching and chemical irritation
Insensitive to touch, heat, cold, laceration

Question 6

Is the pain from visceral peritoneum localized?

Answer 6

Only poorly

• unmyelinated C-fibers
• crampy, colicky pain

Question 7

Intraperitoneal organs

Answer 7

Covered on most sides by visceral peritoneum

Suspended from mesentery from body wall

Question 8

Retroperiotoneal organs

Answer 8

Lie deep to the parietal peritoneum

Covered only on one side by parietal peritoneum

Question 9

Primarily Retroperitoneal organs

Answer 9

Kidneys
Suprarenal glands (aka adrenals)
Ureters
Gonads
Aorta and IVC

Question 10

Secondarily Retroperitoneal organs

Answer 10

Became retroperitoneal during development
Duodenum (desc, horiz, ascen)
Pancreas
Ascending and descending colon
Rectum

Question 11

THE mesentery

Answer 11

Attaches the ‘free’ small intestine to the posterior body wall
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 12

Where is the ventral mesentery?

Answer 12

Extends from the respiratory diaphragm to the duodenum

Question 13

What runs through the dorsal mesentery?

Answer 13

Dorsal aorta and it’s 3 branches

Question 14

What mesenteries are lost during development?

Answer 14

Duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon and cecum

-since no longer suspended from mesentery, considered secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 15

Peritoneal ligaments

Answer 15

1. Gastrosplenic ligament
2. Splenorenal ligament
   - transmit nerves and vessels
   - lack connective tissue

Question 16

Omentum

Answer 16

-2 layered sheet of peritoneum that attaches stomach to other viscera
Lesser - from ventral mesogastrium
-hepatogastric ligament
-hepatoduodenal ligament
Greater - from dorsal mesogastrium

Question 17

Lesser omentum is composed of what 2 ligaments?

Answer 17

Hepatogastric l.

Hepatoduodenal l.

Question 18

3 ligaments of greater omentum

Answer 18

1. Gastrocolic l.
2. Gastrophrenic l.
3. Gastrosplenic l.

Question 19

What are the 3 ligaments associated with liver?

Answer 19

Coronar l
R and L triangular l
Falciform l

Question 20

What runs in the falciform ligament?

Answer 20

Ligamentum teres hepatis

-obliterated umbilical vein

Question 21

Folds of the abdominal walls

Answer 21

Median umbilical fold
-urachus, midline from bladder
Medial umbilical folds (2)
-obliterated umbilical a.
Lateral umbilical folds (2)
-inferior gastic vessels, functional a and v.

Question 22

Peritoneal Fossae

Answer 22

Supravesical fossa - supravesical hernias
Medial inguinal fossa - direct inguinal hernias
Lateral inguinal fossa - indirect inguinal hernias

Question 23

Where do supravesical hernias occur?

Answer 23

Supravesical fossa

Question 24

Where do direct inguinal hernias occur?

Answer 24

Medial inguinal fossa

Question 25

Where do indirect inguinal hernias occur?

Answer 25

Lateral inguinal fossa

Question 26

Greater sac

Answer 26

Most of the potential space in abdomen

Can be subdivided into supra colic and infra colic regions by colon and transverse mesocolon

Question 27

Ascites

Answer 27

Excess fluid in abdomen

-abscesses may develop

Question 28

Lesser sac

Answer 28

Posterior and inferior to the stomach

Can get fluid that leads to infection

Question 29

Epiploic foramen of Winslow

Answer 29

Opening between greater and lesser sacs

Anterior - hepatoduodenal ligament with portal v., hepatic a. and bile duct