GI Physio Secretions (In class)- Karius

Question 0

what are in the primary saliva secretion?

Answer 0

amylase, ions, mucus

Question 1

what can stimulate salivation?

Answer 1

tastes, smells, cortical stimuli (thought), gastric/duodenal irritation

Question 2

neurotransmitter associated with salivation?

Answer 2

Ach

Question 3

what are the secretions of the esophagus

Answer 3

mucus for lube and protection

Question 4

gastric glands have what kind of cells?

Answer 4

mucus secreting cells, HCl/Intrinsic factor, enzyme precursors (pepsinogen)

Question 5

pyloric glands have what kind of cells?

Answer 5

mucus secreting cells, gastrin production, pepsinogen

Question 6

cardiac glands have?

Answer 6

mucus secreting cells

Question 7

what are some of the cellular characteristics of parietal cells?

Answer 7

lots of mitochondria, high SA, lots of golgi

Question 8

what stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion?

Answer 8

Ach, Gastrin, CCK

Question 9

what stimulates pancreatic bicarb secretion?

Answer 9

secretin

Question 10

what occurs during the gastric phase of pancreatic secretion?

Answer 10

Ach and gastrin

Question 11

what occurs during the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion?

Answer 11

CCK and secretin, increase enzyme, and increase bicarb flow

Question 12

what are the hepatic secretions?

Answer 12

waste products (cholesterol, bilirubin/heme), bile salts & phospholipids, water and electrolytes (duct cells and bicarb)

Question 13

what is the purpose of adding phospholipids to secretions?

Answer 13

to increase the solubility of cholesterol

Question 14

how are bile acids formed?

Answer 14

1. cholesterol backbone
2. primary bile acids, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid
3. converted to secondary acids by bacterial action

Question 15

how are bile salts returned to hepatocytes?

Answer 15

enterohepatic circulation

Question 16

hepatic water/bicarb secretions are controlled by?

Answer 16

secretin and bile salts

Question 17

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 17

stores bile, reabsorb water/electrolytes (concentrates for room)

Question 18

what elicits contraction of the gallbladder?

Answer 18

CCK, vagus (weak)

Question 19

What cause relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 19

CCK, peristalsis (esp. duodenal)

Question 20

what is the stimulation for intestinal secretions?

Answer 20

tactile stimulation of mucosa

Question 21

what are the 3 intestinal secretions?

Answer 21

mucus, bicarb/water, enzymes (but aren’t really secreted- bound to membrane of cells that have been sloughed off)

Question 22

what causes mucus secretion in the colon?

Answer 22

tactile stim. & parasympathetic

Question 23

bicarb secretion in colon is high due to?

Answer 23

need to neutralize acids from bacteria (not gastric)

Question 24

what 2 ions are in high concentration in mouth?

Answer 24

bicarb and K+