Lipid Metabolism (In Class)- Agbas Flashcards
what does citrate do in synthesis of acetyl CoA?
supplies carbons for FA synthesis
what is the primary source of fatty acid synthesis?
liver
what is the first phase of fatty acid synthesis?
cytosolic entry of acetyl CoA
what is the second phase of fatty acid synthesis?
conversion of acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA
what are the 2 parts of the third phase of fatty acid synthesis?
elongation and desaturation
what is the rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis?
acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA conversion
malonyl coA is important because?
it’s substrate for FA synthesis, regulates FA synthesis and is an immediate donor of the 2C units
how are fatty acid synthesized?
2Cs added at a time
what are the 3 goals achieved during phase 3?
condensation, reduction, and palmitate release
where is palmitate elongated?
in the smooth ER
what is required for desaturation?
NADPH and O2
where are double bonds put in during desaturation?
4, 5, 6, and 9
what cannot be generated endogenously for desaturation?
10 and beyond; must be taken in dietarily
what is the source of NADPH?
malic enzyme (1), pentose phosphate pathway (2-12 NADPH)
what are the ways in which FAS can be regulated?
allosteric effect (phosphorylated sugars) and induction and/or repression at genetic level
what does a high carb/low fat diet do to FAS?
increases
high fat diet and starvation does what to FAS?
lowers FAS
how are FAs stored in adipocytes?
triacylglycerol
what is the structure of triglycerols?
3 FAs attached to glycerol backbone
what are TGs synthesized?
liver, intestinal cells, and adipose tissue
where in the cell does TG synthesis occur?
cytosol
how are FAs transported in blood?
chylomicrons
what is the common aspect of TG synthesis in the 3 tissue?
Fatty acyl coA
what are the 3 main lipases in adipocytes?
hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and mono glycerol lipase
