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Gastrointestinal I > Lipid Metabolism (In Class)- Agbas > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism (In Class)- Agbas Flashcards

1
Q

what does citrate do in synthesis of acetyl CoA?

A

supplies carbons for FA synthesis

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2
Q

what is the primary source of fatty acid synthesis?

A

liver

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3
Q

what is the first phase of fatty acid synthesis?

A

cytosolic entry of acetyl CoA

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4
Q

what is the second phase of fatty acid synthesis?

A

conversion of acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA

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5
Q

what are the 2 parts of the third phase of fatty acid synthesis?

A

elongation and desaturation

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6
Q

what is the rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis?

A

acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA conversion

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7
Q

malonyl coA is important because?

A

it’s substrate for FA synthesis, regulates FA synthesis and is an immediate donor of the 2C units

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8
Q

how are fatty acid synthesized?

A

2Cs added at a time

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9
Q

what are the 3 goals achieved during phase 3?

A

condensation, reduction, and palmitate release

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10
Q

where is palmitate elongated?

A

in the smooth ER

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11
Q

what is required for desaturation?

A

NADPH and O2

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12
Q

where are double bonds put in during desaturation?

A

4, 5, 6, and 9

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13
Q

what cannot be generated endogenously for desaturation?

A

10 and beyond; must be taken in dietarily

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14
Q

what is the source of NADPH?

A

malic enzyme (1), pentose phosphate pathway (2-12 NADPH)

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15
Q

what are the ways in which FAS can be regulated?

A

allosteric effect (phosphorylated sugars) and induction and/or repression at genetic level

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16
Q

what does a high carb/low fat diet do to FAS?

A

increases

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17
Q

high fat diet and starvation does what to FAS?

A

lowers FAS

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18
Q

how are FAs stored in adipocytes?

A

triacylglycerol

19
Q

what is the structure of triglycerols?

A

3 FAs attached to glycerol backbone

20
Q

what are TGs synthesized?

A

liver, intestinal cells, and adipose tissue

21
Q

where in the cell does TG synthesis occur?

A

cytosol

22
Q

how are FAs transported in blood?

A

chylomicrons

23
Q

what is the common aspect of TG synthesis in the 3 tissue?

A

Fatty acyl coA

24
Q

what are the 3 main lipases in adipocytes?

A

hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and mono glycerol lipase

25
Q

what is the most active enzyme in fasting state?

A

hormone-sensitive lipase

26
Q

fatty acids are transported from adipocytes to liver in blood by?

A

albumin

27
Q

where does Beta-ox of fatty acids occur?

A

mito matrix in liver cells

28
Q

what are the 2 phases of beta oxidation?

A

1) transport of FFA into mito matrix and 2) beta-oxidation of FA

29
Q

CPTI is negatively regulated by?

A

malonyl CoA

30
Q

where does activation of LCFA occur?

A

cytosol

31
Q

what does CPTI do?

A

transfer of activated FA into inter membrane space of mitochondria

32
Q

what is the function of CACT?

A

antiporter; one fatty acyl carnitine into mito matrix (for one carnitine)

33
Q

function of CPT II?

A

transfers fatty acyl residue from fatty acyl carnitine to coA

34
Q

what the 4 steps in beta-oxidation?

A

first oxidation, hydration, second oxidation, and thiolysis

35
Q

proprionyl is the only part of a FA to be what?

A

glucogenic

36
Q

why is proprionyl the only part of FA to be glycogenic?

A

the route provides precursors of oxaloaceted which is converted to glucose

37
Q

unsaturated FA ungergo B-oxidation until when?

A

disruptive alkene is reached

38
Q

when does the brain prefer ketone bodies?

A

when starving

39
Q

when do muscles utilize ketone bodies?

A

in fasting to preserve glucose to use by brain

40
Q

why can’t liver cells use ketone bodies?

A

thiophorase

41
Q

why can’t RBCs utilize ketone bodies?

A

no organelles, specially mitochondria

42
Q

why are kids more prone to ketosis than adults?

A

glycogen deposits low; more musculature

43
Q

which amino acids are purely ketogenic?

A

Lys and Leu

44
Q

what are the 3 major ketone bodies?

A

acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, acetone

Gastrointestinal I (25 decks)

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