Disgetive Glands (In Class)- Cole Flashcards
what are the 3 major salivary glands?
parotid, submandibular and sublingual
Exocrine glands have what? how are these glands classified?
ducts; branching of ducts, secretory units, secretory products, or by secretory mechanism
what do salivary glands open into?
intercalated ducts
submandibular gland has what kind of secretions?
S & M “not that kind”
what secretions from parotid gland?
serous gland
what secretions from sublingual gland?
mucous
plasma cells in glands secrete what?
IgA
what are the primary functions of saliva?
lubricate, protective function, and digestive function (ligual lipase, and amylase)
what enzymes do parotid glands produce?
amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme
What kinds of things lead to tumors of parotid glands?
mumps and rabies
what are complications of mumps?
orchitis (inflammation of testes) and meningitis
what can orchitis lead to?
sterility
what gland is the most prone to slow-growing benign tumors? what is surgery complicated by?
parotid; facial n.
what do mucous cells of submandibular glands produce?
mucin
what kind of gland is sublingual?
branched
what is the endocrine component of pancreas? how much of volume is this?
islet of Langerhans; 2%
main function of islet of langerhans?
glucose metabolism
exocrine part of pancreas?
acinus
ducts from pancreatic acinar cells are lined with?
centroacinar cells
centroacinar cells do what?
secrete aqueous bicarb and mucin
pancreas secretion are under control of what?
CCK
where does CCK bind?
acinar cell receptors
where does secretin act?
duct cells to adjust pH
what will increase protease synthesis?
protein rich diet
carbohydrate rich diet increases synthesis of?
amylases and decrease proteases
amylase gene expression is regulated by?
insulin (thru insuloacinar portal system: internal circulation within pancreas)
what usually results in acute pancreatitis?
heavy meals or excessive alcohol ingestion
acute pancreatitis involves what?
premature activation of pancreatic enzymes (trypsinogen and trypsin) and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor; autodigestion of pancreatic acini
Blood is supplied to liver by?
protal vein (75-80%) transports blood from GI, spleen, and pancreas; hepatic artery (20-25%) via interlobar and interlobular a.
largest gland in the body?
liver
what do portal triads do?
convey blood into liver and bile out of liver
portal lobule is based on what?
direction that bile flows
what is the classic hepatic lobule?
hexagonal; surrounds central v.; portal triads at the angles
liver acinus is based on what? (she “can’t see this one”)
oxygen gradient
hepatocytes have what functions?
oxygen needed for functions of removing things from blood
what is a Kupffer cell?
a macrophage
what is the sinusoidal space between fenestrated endothelium?
space of Disse; designed to be as leaky as possible
what is between hepatocytes?
bile cannaliculi
Ito cells are located where? function?
located at intervals within the space of Disse; function as storage sites for fat and Vit A
what direction does blood flow in relation to blood?
opposite
bile canaliculus empty into?
canal of Hering then into portal bile duct
basolateral side of hepatocyte has what?
microvilli extending into space of Disse
what do bile salts allow?
fat absorption
what does long term consumption of ethanol result in?
fatty liver, cirrohosis, or heptocellular carcinoma
gallbladder functions?
storage, concentration, and release of bile
