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Gastrointestinal I > Disgetive Glands (In Class)- Cole > Flashcards

Disgetive Glands (In Class)- Cole Flashcards

0
Q

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

A

parotid, submandibular and sublingual

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1
Q

Exocrine glands have what? how are these glands classified?

A

ducts; branching of ducts, secretory units, secretory products, or by secretory mechanism

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2
Q

what do salivary glands open into?

A

intercalated ducts

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3
Q

submandibular gland has what kind of secretions?

A

S & M “not that kind”

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4
Q

what secretions from parotid gland?

A

serous gland

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5
Q

what secretions from sublingual gland?

A

mucous

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6
Q

plasma cells in glands secrete what?

A

IgA

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7
Q

what are the primary functions of saliva?

A

lubricate, protective function, and digestive function (ligual lipase, and amylase)

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8
Q

what enzymes do parotid glands produce?

A

amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme

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9
Q

What kinds of things lead to tumors of parotid glands?

A

mumps and rabies

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10
Q

what are complications of mumps?

A

orchitis (inflammation of testes) and meningitis

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11
Q

what can orchitis lead to?

A

sterility

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12
Q

what gland is the most prone to slow-growing benign tumors? what is surgery complicated by?

A

parotid; facial n.

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13
Q

what do mucous cells of submandibular glands produce?

A

mucin

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14
Q

what kind of gland is sublingual?

A

branched

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15
Q

what is the endocrine component of pancreas? how much of volume is this?

A

islet of Langerhans; 2%

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16
Q

main function of islet of langerhans?

A

glucose metabolism

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17
Q

exocrine part of pancreas?

A

acinus

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18
Q

ducts from pancreatic acinar cells are lined with?

A

centroacinar cells

19
Q

centroacinar cells do what?

A

secrete aqueous bicarb and mucin

20
Q

pancreas secretion are under control of what?

A

CCK

21
Q

where does CCK bind?

A

acinar cell receptors

22
Q

where does secretin act?

A

duct cells to adjust pH

23
Q

what will increase protease synthesis?

A

protein rich diet

24
Q

carbohydrate rich diet increases synthesis of?

A

amylases and decrease proteases

25
Q

amylase gene expression is regulated by?

A

insulin (thru insuloacinar portal system: internal circulation within pancreas)

26
Q

what usually results in acute pancreatitis?

A

heavy meals or excessive alcohol ingestion

27
Q

acute pancreatitis involves what?

A

premature activation of pancreatic enzymes (trypsinogen and trypsin) and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor; autodigestion of pancreatic acini

28
Q

Blood is supplied to liver by?

A

protal vein (75-80%) transports blood from GI, spleen, and pancreas; hepatic artery (20-25%) via interlobar and interlobular a.

29
Q

largest gland in the body?

A

liver

30
Q

what do portal triads do?

A

convey blood into liver and bile out of liver

31
Q

portal lobule is based on what?

A

direction that bile flows

32
Q

what is the classic hepatic lobule?

A

hexagonal; surrounds central v.; portal triads at the angles

33
Q

liver acinus is based on what? (she “can’t see this one”)

A

oxygen gradient

34
Q

hepatocytes have what functions?

A

oxygen needed for functions of removing things from blood

35
Q

what is a Kupffer cell?

A

a macrophage

36
Q

what is the sinusoidal space between fenestrated endothelium?

A

space of Disse; designed to be as leaky as possible

37
Q

what is between hepatocytes?

A

bile cannaliculi

38
Q

Ito cells are located where? function?

A

located at intervals within the space of Disse; function as storage sites for fat and Vit A

39
Q

what direction does blood flow in relation to blood?

A

opposite

40
Q

bile canaliculus empty into?

A

canal of Hering then into portal bile duct

41
Q

basolateral side of hepatocyte has what?

A

microvilli extending into space of Disse

42
Q

what do bile salts allow?

A

fat absorption

43
Q

what does long term consumption of ethanol result in?

A

fatty liver, cirrohosis, or heptocellular carcinoma

44
Q

gallbladder functions?

A

storage, concentration, and release of bile

Gastrointestinal I (25 decks)

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