Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 1

What are peripheral vascular diseases (PVD)

Answer 1

Narrowing and occlusion of peripheral arteries due to atherosclerotic plaques

Question 2

What are common risk factors

Answer 2

Smoking
Diabetes
Hypercolesterolaemia
Hypertension

Question 3

What is Intermittent claudication

Answer 3

Occurs when insufficient blood reaches exercising muscle due to atherosclerosis in arteries

Question 4

What is the classic presentation of Intermittent claudication

Answer 4

Exertional discomfort most commonly in calves but relieved by rest

Question 5

What is Sever PVD/ critical limb ischaemia

Answer 5

obstruction to blood flow in artery is compromised to the point where blood is unable to maintain oxygenation of tissue at rest

Question 6

What are clinical features of Sever PVD/ critical limb ischaemia

Answer 6

Pain at rest, ulceration (break in the skin), tissue necrosis, diminished/absent peripheral pulses and poor tissue nutrition

Question 7

What is ABPI

Answer 7

Ankle pressure/brachial pressure

Question 8

What imaging techniques are used if revascularization is considered

Answer 8

CT
MRI
Catheter angiography

Question 9

What are lifestyle managements

Answer 9

Smoking cessation
Supervised exercise program
Lose weight

Question 10

What are the treatment options for severe symptoms or tissue damage

Answer 10

Angioplasty
Bypass graft
Vasodilator therapy
Amputation

Question 11

What is a normal ABPI:
Claudication ABPi:
Severe claudication ABPI:

Answer 11

Normal: 0.9-1.2
Claudication: 0.4-0.85
Severe claudication: 0-0.4