Fluid shift across the Capillary wall and oedema

Question 1

What does blood flow in the capillary depend on

Answer 1

Contractile state of the arterioles

Question 2

What are terminal arterioles

Answer 2

regional blood flow to capillary bed (CB) in most tissue

Question 3

What are precapillary sphincters

Answer 3

regulate blood flow to capillary bed in a few tissues

Question 4

What does fluid movement follow

Answer 4

Its pressure gradient

Question 5

What does the movement of gasses and solutes follow

Answer 5

Ficks law of diffusion (against concentration gradient)

Question 6

What do lipid soluble substances go through

Answer 6

Endothelial cells

Question 7

What do water soluble (hydrophilic) substances go through

Answer 7

water filled pores

Question 8

Can large molecules cross the capillary wall

Answer 8

Generally not

Question 9

What is the trans capillary fluid flow

Answer 9

Passively driven by pressure gradient across the capillary wall (Stirling forces)

Question 10

What is capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

The pressure exerted by blood in the capillaries against the capillary wall, forces fluid out of the capillary

Question 11

What is the Capillary osmotic pressure

Answer 11

The pressure exerted by proteins in the blood in the capillary, pulls fluid into the blood

Question 12

What is interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

The pressure of fluid in the interstitial , forces fluid back into capillary

Question 13

What is interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Answer 13

The pressure of the proteins in the interstitial, pulls fluid out of the capillary

Question 14

Starling force favours filtration at the … end and reabsorption at the … end

Answer 14

Arteriolar end
Venular end

Question 15

what do the signs in this equation stand for * NFP = (PC + pi) - (pC + Pi)

Answer 15

NFP = starling force
PC = hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
Pi = hydrostatic pressure in the interstitium
pC = oncotic pressure in the capillary
pi = oncotic pressure in the interstitium

Question 16

Is the pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure low or high compared to the capillary osmotic pressure

Answer 16

Low - favours filtration

Question 17

What removes any filtered fluid from the pulmonary capillaries to prevent accumulation of interstitial fluid

Answer 17

Lymphatic drainage

Question 18

What is an oedema

Answer 18

Accumulation of fluid in interstitial space

Question 19

What happens in pulmonary oedemas

Answer 19

Diffusion distance increases - gas exchange compromised

Question 20

What happens in pulmonary oedema

Answer 20

Lung compliance decreases

Question 21

What are the causes for oedema

Answer 21

Raised capillary hydrostatic pressure
Reduced plasma osmotic pressure
Lymphatic insufficiency
Change in capillary permeability

Question 22

How does raised capillary hydrostatic pressure lead to an oedema

Answer 22

Arteriolar dilation
Raised venous pressure
Left ventricular failure - Pulmonary oedema
Right ventricle failure - peripheral oedema
Prolonged standing - swollen ankles

Question 23

What kind of oedema does left ventricular failure lead to

Answer 23

Pulmonary oedema

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Pulmonary oedema

Answer 24

Shortness of breath

Question 25

How is pulmonary oedema diagnosed

Answer 25

crepitations in ascultation of lung bases
Chest x-ray shows haziness in perihilar region

Question 26

What happens to the Renin-angiotensin-sytem in HF and what does that lead to

Answer 26

RAAS is up regulated resulting in more fluid retention