Cardiovascular Response to shock

Question 1

What is shock

Answer 1

abnormality of the circulatory system resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation

Question 2

Inadequate perfusion is cause by…

Answer 2

Loss of blood
sudden severe impairment of heart function
Physical obstruction to circulation
Excessive vasodilation and abnormal distribution of blood flow

Question 3

What are the 4 types of shock and what are the caused by

Answer 3

1. Hypovolaemic shock: loss of blood volume (haemorrhage (internal), non-hemorrhagic (external))
2. Cardiogenic shock: sudden severe impairment of cardiac function
3. Obstructive shock: Caused by physical obstruction to circulation
4. Distributive shock: excessive vasodilation and abnormal distribution of blood flow

Question 4

Response to Hypovolaemic shock

Answer 4

Loss of blood volume->Decreased blood flow->Decreased venous return->decreased end diastolic volume->decreased stroke volume->decreased cardiac output and decreased blood pressure->inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 5

Response to Cardiac shock

Answer 5

Decreased cardiac contractility->decreased stroke volume->decreased cardiac output and decreased blood pressure->inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 6

Response to Obstructive shock

Answer 6

Increased intrathoracic pressure->decreased venous return->decreased end diastolic volume->decreased stroke volume->decreased cardiac output and blood pressure->inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 7

Response to Neurogenic shock

Answer 7

Loss of sympathetic tone of blood vessels and heart->massive venous and arterial vasodilation (effect on heart rate)->decreased venous return and decreased SVR (decreased heart rate)->decreased cardiac output and blood pressure-> inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 8

Response to Vasoactive shock

Answer 8

Release of vasoactive mediators->massive venous and arterial vasodilation and increased capillary permeability->decreased venous return and decreased SVR->decreased cardiac output and blood pressure->inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 9

Meaning of ABCD

Answer 9

A - Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
D - Disability
E - Exposure

Question 10

How do you treat cariogenic shock

Answer 10

Intropes (medicines that tell the heart to pump)

Question 11

How do you treat Tension pneumothorax

Answer 11

Immediate chest drain

Question 12

How do you treat Anaphylactic shock

Answer 12

Adrenaline

Question 13

How do you treat Septic shock

Answer 13

Vasopressors