Cardiovascular risk factors and their management Flashcards
What is Atherosclerosis
buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls
Stiffening of blood vessels
What cardiovascular diseases does atherosclerosis lead to
Angina
Myocardial infarction
Transient ischaemic attacks
Strokes
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Chronic mesenteric Ischaemia
What are Non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Family history
Age
Gender
What are Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Smoking
Poor diet
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Alcohol consumption
Poor sleep
Stress
What are co-morbidities of Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes
Hypertension
Chronic Kidney disease
Inflammatory conditions
Atypical antipsychotics
Arial fibrillation
What is Primordial prevention
Prevent at very early stage before risk factor is established (e.g. prevent smoking)
What is included in Primordial prevention
Smoking
Food and diet
Physical activity
Alcohol
What are the limitations of risk scores
Cannot perfectly predict absolute risk
Useful on equitable basis
Not useful for patient groups
Not all risk factors included
What is primary prevention
Prevention of disease through control of risk factors
What is Secondary prevention
Prevention of further events through appropriate treatment and intervention
What is Tertiary prevention
application of measures to reduce or eliminate long term impairments and disabilities and improve quality of life - Rehabilitation
Drugs used in secondary prevention
ACE inhibitor
Antiplatelet therapy
Beta-blocker
Stating
