Congenital heart disease Flashcards
What is a congenital heart disease
Abnormality of the structure of the heart/great vessels present at birth
What are cyanotic defects
Conditions which cause deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and enter systemic circulation or a mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to enter circulation
What are defects that are in the category of cyanotic defects (all the Ts)
Truncus arterioles
Tetraology of fallot
Transposition of the great vessels
Tons of others
What are examples of Tetraology of fallot
Ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
What are Acyanotic defects and what are examples of it
Involve left to right shunting or no shunting
Septal defects - ASD, VSD, AVSD
Patient ductus arteriosus
Aortic and pulmonary stenosis
When is antenatally testing carried out at what might be found and how is it treated
USS 18-22 weeks
Duct dependent lesion which would be treated by PGE2 infusion
What is carried out at the newborn screening at around 24h
Femoral pulses
Heart sound
Presence of murmurs
Some places do pre and post ductal saturation
When can you see cyanosis and what else could it be indicating
Shortly after birth
Symptom of respiratory disease and persistent pulmonary hypertension
when is duct dependent circulation usually presented
4-7 days
what does duct depending circulation result from
Congenital heart disease
What happens when ducts stay open longer than normal but will eventually close
Collapse
What are the signs and symptoms of duct dependent circulation
Severe cyanosis/pallor, distress, prolonged cap refill, poor/absent pulses, hepatomegaly, crepitations and increased work of breathing
How is duct depending circulation treated
IV PGE2 can be used to keep duct open until an alternative shunt can be established or definitive surgery carried out
When does cardiac failure present
6-8 weeks
What is cardiac failure usually seen with
Moderate-large left to right shunts
