Peripheral Vascular Flashcards
What are the two different systems in the peripheral vascular system
Vascular and lymphatics
Tell me about the arteries
HIGH pressure, THICK walls, carry blood AWAY from the heart
Tell me about the veins
LOW pressure, THIN walls, carries blood TO the heart, CALF pump, VALVES, INSPIRATION
What is the lymphatic system important in
The immune system
What does the lymphatic system do
Helps the PV system REMOVE FLUID in the INTERSITIAL space
What happens when there is extra fluid in the interstitial space
Edema
What is the interstitial space
Lies between blood vessels and cells
What does the brachial artery split into
The ulnar and radial arteries
What are the major arteries in the legs and where are they
FEMORAL- under INGUNIAL ligament, CENTRAL PULSE
POPITEAL- behind the KNEE
Anterior and posterior TIBIAL artery- behind the big ANKLE bone
DORSALIS PEDIS- flex the BIG TOE
Cam you palpate lymphnodes on children, is that normal
Yes, they should ne nonTENDER
What should you expect in pregnant women
BILATERAL pitting EDEMA in the lower extermities, VARICOSE VEINS
What is more difficulty to palpate on older adults
Pulses
What can leg pain or cramps be caused by
Intermittent claudication
Tell me more about intermittent claudication
CALFS hurt while walking and get better with rest, associated with PAD
How do you assess the skin when looking at PV
Normal skin assessment
What is Raynaud’s disease
Blood isn’t getting to the fingers
What can unilateral edema mean
DVT
What can bilateral edema mean
CHF, outside of this sytem
What does smoking do to the arteries
Constricts
How to prepare assesses PV
Romm temp, comfortable
What is the order of assessment of PV
Inspection, palpation
What are you inspecting on the arms PV
Color, symmetry, CLUBBING
What are you palpating on the arms
CAPILLARY refill, TEMP, RADIAL and BRACHIAL pulses
How do you grade pulses
4- bounding
3- full
2- moderate/ normal
1- weak
0- absent
What is a normal capillary refill and what does it mean if it’s longer
<2 seconds, poor PERFUSION
What is the degree for clubbing and what does it indicate and how does it happen
> 160, chronic HYPOXIA, the brain tells finger vessels to dilate so they get more O2 but also nutrients so the tissues GROW
What kind of pts have blubbing of the fingernails
Respiratory pts: COPD, CHF
What should you do when palpating pulses
Bilateral
What is the Allens test
Tests the patencey of the ULNAR artery and a positive test is bad
What are you inspecting on the legs
Color, clubbing, symmetry, ulvers, varicose veins, edema
What are you palpating on the legs
CAPILLARY refill, TEMP, FEMORAL, POPLITEAL, posterior TIBIAL, DORSALIS PEDIS
Tell me the location, margin, drainage, tissue, and cause of venous ulcers
Location: medial malleolus
Margin- irregularly shaped
Drainage- moderate-large
Tissue- Yellow
Cause- PVD
Tell me the location, margin, drainage, tissue, and cause of arterial ulcers
Location- tips of toes, lateral malleoulus
Margins- rounded, hole punch
Drainage- minimal
Tissue- Black eschar
Cause- PAD
What are varicose ceins
Swollen twisted veins
How do varicose veins form
Blood pressure increases inside the veins
What type of people would you expect to have vaicose veins
Pregnancy, obesity, older adults, nurses
Where do you check for edema
Tibia or medial malleolus
What is the scale for pitting edema
1-4 good to bad
How should your pt lay to feel the popiteal pulse
Pt lay prone
What is a doppler and what’s a tip for it
It detect blood flow and is a pulse is present, mark the pulse with a sharpie
What is peripheral vascular disease
UMBRELLA term, contians both PAD and PVD
What are the causes of peripheral vascular diseases
Smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, HTN
What is the definition of PVD
A problem with blood going BACK to the heart, vascular INSUFFICIENCY
What the treatment for PVD
ELEVATE, aspirin, statins, surgery, keep vein OPEN
What symptoms of PVD VEINY
Very big pulses
Edema
Irregularly shaped sores
No sharp pain, DULL and CONSTANT
Yellow ankles
What is the definition of PAD
NARROWING of the arteries makes it difficult to pump blood to the body
What is the treatment for PAD
DANGLE, stop SMOKING, avoid TIGHT clothing, VASODILATORS, ANTIPLATELETS, MOVING
What are the symptoms of PAD ARTS
ABSENT pulses, ROUND red sores, TOES and feet eschar, SHARP calf pain
Where does DVT happen
Below the knees
What are the risk factors of DVT
Obesity, oral CONTRACEPTIVES, prolonged IMMOBILITY, SURGERY
What are the S/S of DVT
PAIN, REDNESS, UNILATER swelling, WARM legs
positive: D Dimer, Homan’s sign (moving foot up)
CALF CIRCUMFERENCE
What is the treatment of DTV
Don’t Disoldge the clot
EleVate
AnTicoagulants
What does intermittent claudication happen with
PAD
