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Nursing Essentials: Spring > Advanced Nutrition > Flashcards

Advanced Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What causes salmonella

A

Chicken

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2
Q

What are the S/S of salmonella

A

HA, fever

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3
Q

What should you know about salmonella

A

It can be FATAL

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4
Q

What causes E.coli

A

Hamburger, poor hand hygiene

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5
Q

What are the S/S of E.coli

A

Bloody diarrhea

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6
Q

What causes shigella

A

salad

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7
Q

What are the S/S of shigella

A

Diarrhea

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8
Q

What causes listeria

A

Soft cheese, deli meats, bagged salads

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9
Q

What should you know about listeria

A

Bad for PREGNATE women (warm up meats and cheese), survives FRIDGE and FREEZER

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10
Q

What are the four points of the American Diabetic Association (ADA)

A

Dietitian, non-starchy veggies, added sugars and refined grains, whole unprocessed form

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11
Q

What can you teach your pts about the diabetic diet

A

Carb counting, READING food labels, high-fiber, miimize SIMPLE carbs

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12
Q

What is one serving of carbs

A

15 grams

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13
Q

What is a cardiac diet

A

Low in CHOLESTEROL and SATURATED FATS and high in FIBER

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14
Q

What are some sources of saturated fats

A

Red meat, bacon, sausage, butter

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15
Q

What are some heart healthy fates

A

Olive oil, advocado, nuts, seeds

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16
Q

What can you teach your pts about the cardiac diet

A

Reduce sodium intake like CANNED soups

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17
Q

What is the renal diet

A

Restricts POTASSIUM, SODIUM, PROTEIN, and PHOSPHORUS (three P’s)

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18
Q

What hsould pts on a renal diet limit

A

Meat, processed foods, peanut butter, cheese, nuts, dark SODA

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19
Q

What must the pt have to be able to have an enteral route

A

Some function of the GI tract

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20
Q

Why do you want to use the GI tract

A

Don’t use it you lose it

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21
Q

How do you decide nasal tubes

A

Aspiration risk

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22
Q

What is the nasogastric tube (NG tube)

A

Nose to STOMACH, SHORT-TERM, LOW aspriation risk

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23
Q

What is the nasointestinal tube

A

nose to INTESTINE, LONGER-TERM, HIGH aspiration risk

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24
Q

What is another name for a gastrostomy tube

A

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG tube)

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25
Q

Tell me about the PEG tube

A

SURGICALLY placed to STOMACH, LONG-TERM

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26
Q

What type of pts need a PEG tube

A

CVA, cancer, trauma

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27
Q

What is the pediatric PEG tube

A

MIC-KEY, “button”, COMFORTABLE

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28
Q

What should you use a jejunostomy tube (J-tube) (PEJ)

A

HIGH aspiration risk, to the jejunum

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29
Q

What is the number of TF bottles

A

calories per mL

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30
Q

Standard TF

A

Intact w/whole proteins

31
Q

Elemental TF

A

Either parially of fully hydrolyzed to aid in digestion

32
Q

How long do continuous drip feeding

A

16-24 hours through a PUMP (Kangaroo)

33
Q

Should you flush with continuous drip feeding

A

Flush with water every 4-6 hours

34
Q

What is cyclic feeding

A

Done during sleeping hours

35
Q

When is cyclic feeding used

A

Pts transitioning to oral intake

36
Q

Where is bolus feedings done

A

Usally home

37
Q

What is bolus feedings

A

LARGE volume, using GRAVITY, given over 15 mins

38
Q

How are new enteral tube placement confirmed

A

X-rays

39
Q

How do you check tube placement after it’s been confermed

A

Aspirate gastric contents, check pH

40
Q

How do you clean PEG tubes

A

Soap and water

41
Q

What should you monitor the skin around the PEG tube site for

A

Skin breakdown or infection

42
Q

What is a big complication of enteral tubes

A

Peritonitis

43
Q

What is peritonitis

A

EMERGENCY, RIDGID adbomen

44
Q

What must you verify before med pass or feedings

A

Bowel sounds

45
Q

What should the HOB be and for how long

A

At least semi-Fowler;s (30), during and after feedings for 30-60 min

46
Q

What temp should TF be

A

Room temp

47
Q

How often do you need to replace feeding bag and tubing

A

Every 24 hours

48
Q

What is residual colume

A

The stomach contents remaining from the previous feeding

49
Q

When do you need to check residuals

A

Every time before feedings and about 4-6 hours

50
Q

How do you check residual

A

Put in 30mL of air then take it all out

51
Q

When can you proceed with the next feeding

A

The residual is less than 250mL or half the amount of the last feeding

52
Q

When do you need to NOT feed the patient and report it to the provider

A

If residual exceeds 500mL or if two measure ments taken 1 hour apart are greater than 250mL

53
Q

What do you do with the residuals after you measure them

A

Return

54
Q

What tubes do you only check residuals on

A

GASTRIC, NG or PEG tube

55
Q

What position do you put your pt in when feeding if they have to stay supine

A

Reverse trendelenburg

56
Q

What is the lopez valve

A

You can change the route of flow to do both feedings and meds

57
Q

What do meds need to be dissolved in

A

WATER

58
Q

How much water do you flush with before and after med

A

15-30mL

59
Q

What do you do if you have multiple meds to give

A

Small flush inbetween each med

60
Q

What should you consider if your pt has GI upset

A

FORMULA, decrease flow RATE, TEMP

61
Q

What is dumping syndrome

A

Fluid shifts can cause fainting

62
Q

How do you prevent dumping syndrome

A

Room temp, slow rate

63
Q

How do you prevent clogging of tube with continuous feedings

A

Flush tube with 20-30mL warm water every 4 hours

64
Q

How long can you refrigerate unused formula for

A

24 hours

65
Q

What is total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A

Nutritino given through PICC line or central line via IV pump

66
Q

When do you use TPN

A

When the GI- tract is non-functioning or they need complete bowel rest

67
Q

What do you need specially for TPN

A

FILTERED tubing, GLUCOSE checked every 6 hours, daily WEIGHTS and LABS, STERILE technique

68
Q

What are the electrolyte balances that can occur with TPN

A

Hyperkalemia, hypoiphosphatemia/clacemia

69
Q

What happens with there is an air embolism

A

EMERGNECY, left lateral, trendelnburgs, 02, help

70
Q

How can you prevent aspiration

A

TUCK chin, NO STRAWS, alternate food and fluids

71
Q

Nursing interventions for constipation

A

Fluid, fiver, activity

72
Q

Nursing interventinos for diarrhea

A

Fluids, fiber, gatorade

73
Q

What is about one serving of carbs

A

2-3 tablets, candy, 4ox of jucie or soda, 1 tbsp of honey

74
Q

When do you test blood sugar and what do you need the level to get too before you give carb+protein food

A

15 ins, 70

Nursing Essentials: Spring (5 decks)

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