Cardiac Flashcards
What the location of the heart
Mediastinum
What is another name for the point of maximal impulse
Apical pulse
What are the AV valves
Tricuspid, and mitrial
What are th sL valvues
Pulmonic, aortic
Tri is on the
Right
Mitral in on the
Left, mL
Blood flow through the velvues
Toliet paper my ass
What happens in diastole
Relax, AV valves opens
Systole
Contract, SL valves open
COSY RED
contract- systole
relax- siadstole
How does coronary artery disease occur
Build up of plaque in the coronary arteries
What is the difference between angina and MI
A little bit of occulsion compared to completely occluded and better with rest compared to never better
What is the difference between stable angina and unstable angina
Best with rest quickly compared to better with rest after a long time
What are some primary preventions for CAD
SMOKING, DIET, WEIGHT, ACTIVITY
What are some secondary preventions for CAD
BP, lipid level, glucose screenings
What are relevant labs to the cardiovascular system
Total cholesterol, triglyceridea, LDL, HDL, D Dimer, BNP
What does a D Dimer look at
Determine if a clot is present in the body
What does a SNP look at
If the ventricles are filled with too much fluid= heart failure
Dyspnea
How far can you go without getting out of breathe
Fatigue
When does it happen, at night, end of day
Cyanosis or pallor
Could indicate respiratory issues as well
Edema
What time of day
Past cardiac history
HTN, MI, surgery
3 generations of family cardiac history
3 generations
Patient-centered care
Educate espeically on taking meds correctly
What does it mean if a pt can point at a spot of sharp pain on their chest
Respiratory
What does it mean if a pt say that they are feeling crushed in the general chest area
Cardiac
If a pt has had a PMHx of MI what should you ask
Does it feel the same
What interventions should you do if your pt has chest pain
REmain with pt, semi-folwers, repid response, O2, IV, ECG
How to assess the neck vessels
Semi-folwers, stand on pt’s right side and turn their head the opposite way, look for pulsations or buldges
Insepct the anterior chest
4th-5th intercostal space, looking for PULSATIONS at the APEX
When do you auscultate the carotid artery
BEFORE palpation
How to auscultate the carotid artery
Light compress and listen for cruit, HOLD BREATHE
What can a cruit indicate
Stroke or MI
What to note when palpating the neck vessels
Contour, strength, symmetry
What should we do if we palpate an irregular rhythm
Listen at apical pulse for 1 minute
How to palpate the apical impulse
Pt lays on the left side, feel the 5th intercostal space, look at the diameter
Where to auscultate heart sounds
Aortic: 2nd ICS, RSB
PUlmonic- 2nd ICS, LSB
Erb’s point- 3rd ICS, LSB
Tricuspid- 4th, ICS, LSB
Mitral- 5th ICS, MCL
S1
AV valve close, loudest at apex
S2
SL valves close, loudest at base
S3
Children: normal
Adults: left heart failure
After S2
S4
Always pathological
Before S1
How to grade heart murmurs
1-6, from barely audible to hearing it without a stethoscope
