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Nursing Essentials: Spring > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

What the location of the heart

A

Mediastinum

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2
Q

What is another name for the point of maximal impulse

A

Apical pulse

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3
Q

What are the AV valves

A

Tricuspid, and mitrial

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4
Q

What are th sL valvues

A

Pulmonic, aortic

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5
Q

Tri is on the

A

Right

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6
Q

Mitral in on the

A

Left, mL

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7
Q

Blood flow through the velvues

A

Toliet paper my ass

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8
Q

What happens in diastole

A

Relax, AV valves opens

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9
Q

Systole

A

Contract, SL valves open

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10
Q

COSY RED

A

contract- systole
relax- siadstole

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11
Q

How does coronary artery disease occur

A

Build up of plaque in the coronary arteries

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12
Q

What is the difference between angina and MI

A

A little bit of occulsion compared to completely occluded and better with rest compared to never better

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13
Q

What is the difference between stable angina and unstable angina

A

Best with rest quickly compared to better with rest after a long time

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14
Q

What are some primary preventions for CAD

A

SMOKING, DIET, WEIGHT, ACTIVITY

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15
Q

What are some secondary preventions for CAD

A

BP, lipid level, glucose screenings

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16
Q

What are relevant labs to the cardiovascular system

A

Total cholesterol, triglyceridea, LDL, HDL, D Dimer, BNP

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17
Q

What does a D Dimer look at

A

Determine if a clot is present in the body

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18
Q

What does a SNP look at

A

If the ventricles are filled with too much fluid= heart failure

19
Q

Dyspnea

A

How far can you go without getting out of breathe

20
Q

Fatigue

A

When does it happen, at night, end of day

21
Q

Cyanosis or pallor

A

Could indicate respiratory issues as well

22
Q

Edema

A

What time of day

23
Q

Past cardiac history

A

HTN, MI, surgery

24
Q

3 generations of family cardiac history

A

3 generations

25
Q

Patient-centered care

A

Educate espeically on taking meds correctly

26
Q

What does it mean if a pt can point at a spot of sharp pain on their chest

A

Respiratory

27
Q

What does it mean if a pt say that they are feeling crushed in the general chest area

A

Cardiac

28
Q

If a pt has had a PMHx of MI what should you ask

A

Does it feel the same

29
Q

What interventions should you do if your pt has chest pain

A

REmain with pt, semi-folwers, repid response, O2, IV, ECG

30
Q

How to assess the neck vessels

A

Semi-folwers, stand on pt’s right side and turn their head the opposite way, look for pulsations or buldges

31
Q

Insepct the anterior chest

A

4th-5th intercostal space, looking for PULSATIONS at the APEX

32
Q

When do you auscultate the carotid artery

A

BEFORE palpation

33
Q

How to auscultate the carotid artery

A

Light compress and listen for cruit, HOLD BREATHE

34
Q

What can a cruit indicate

A

Stroke or MI

35
Q

What to note when palpating the neck vessels

A

Contour, strength, symmetry

36
Q

What should we do if we palpate an irregular rhythm

A

Listen at apical pulse for 1 minute

37
Q

How to palpate the apical impulse

A

Pt lays on the left side, feel the 5th intercostal space, look at the diameter

38
Q

Where to auscultate heart sounds

A

Aortic: 2nd ICS, RSB
PUlmonic- 2nd ICS, LSB
Erb’s point- 3rd ICS, LSB
Tricuspid- 4th, ICS, LSB
Mitral- 5th ICS, MCL

39
Q

S1

A

AV valve close, loudest at apex

40
Q

S2

A

SL valves close, loudest at base

41
Q

S3

A

Children: normal
Adults: left heart failure
After S2

42
Q

S4

A

Always pathological
Before S1

43
Q

How to grade heart murmurs

A

1-6, from barely audible to hearing it without a stethoscope

Nursing Essentials: Spring (5 decks)

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