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Nursing Essentials: Spring > Abdominal Assessment > Flashcards

Abdominal Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest cavity in the body

A

The abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain

A

GI stuff, URINE stuff, adrenal GLANDS, VESSELS, UTERUS

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3
Q

What lies outside of the cavity but is part of the GI system

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

How long is the GI tract

A

27ft

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5
Q

What are the main functions of the GI tract

A

INGEST, DIGEST, ABSORB, EXCRETE

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6
Q

What are the movements that produce digestion

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What is the abdominal lining

A

Peritoneum

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8
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum and what do they line

A

PARITAL (wall), and VISCERAL (organs)

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9
Q

What is the space between the two layers called

A

The PERITONEAL cavity

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10
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity contain

A

serous FLUID, reduces FRICTION, DIALYSIS

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11
Q

What is the function of the lifeguard liver

A

PURIFIES and DETOXIFIES

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12
Q

What is the function of the small intestines soaking up

A

ABSORBS 90% of the nutrients

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13
Q

What is the function of the large intestines drops a load

A

ABSORB WATER and SALT and creates FECES

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14
Q

What is the function of the stirring stomach

A

CHURNS food to enhance digestion

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15
Q

What is the function of the kidney cleanser

A

Regulates BP and FILTERS WASTE

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16
Q

What is the function of the pancreas powerhouse

A

Produces ENZYMES for digestion, INSULIN

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17
Q

What is the function of the gallbladders green goo

A

STORES and concentrates BILE to help BREAKSOWN FATS

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18
Q

What is the function of the esophagus elevator

A

TRANSPORT food

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19
Q

What is the function of the spleens security system

A

FILTERS BLOOD, RECYCLES RBC, fights INFECTION

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20
Q

What are the sections of the small intestion

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (DJ Ileum in da club)

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21
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine

A

CECUM, ASCENDING colon, TRANSVERSE colon, DESCENDING colon, SIGMOID colon, RECTUM

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22
Q

What is in the RUQ

A

Liver, gallbladder, kidney

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23
Q

What is in the LUQ

A

Spleen, stomach, pancreas, kidney

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24
Q

What is in the RLQ

A

Cecum, appendix

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25
Q

What questions should you ask about bowel movements

A

How OFTEN do you ahve a bowel movement? Can you tell me the COLOR, AMOUNT, CONSISTENCY, and ODOR (CACO)

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26
Q

What does bright red stool mean

A

NEW active bleeding

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27
Q

What can cause bright red stool

A

Hemorrhoids, menstration, LOWER GI bleeding

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28
Q

What can black tarry stool mean

A

IRON meds or OLD blood

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29
Q

When is black stool considered melena vs just black stool

A

The presence of blood, use a FOB test

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30
Q

What does green stool mean

A

Moving to QUICKLY

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31
Q

What is the normal range of amount of bowel movements

A

3X a day- 3X a week

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32
Q

What is the normal consistency of stool

A

Toothpaste, solid, soft, pass easily

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33
Q

What can hard stools be caused by and how can you help that

A

Constipation for NARCOTICS, DEHYDRATION, lack of EXERVISE/MOBILITY.
FRUITS, FIBER, FLUIDS, MOVEMENT

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34
Q

What does monility equal

A

motility

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35
Q

What can soft/watery stool be caused by

A

Diarrhea, SICKNESS, food INTOLERANCE, DISEASE

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36
Q

Are you eating and drinking okay

A

Lack of intake can be caused by SICKNESS or MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES

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37
Q

Have you experienced any vomiting?

A

Pregnancy= morning sickness

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38
Q

What can coffee ground emesis mean

A

Old digested blood

39
Q

What can hematemesis mean

A

Bright RED, NEW blood, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES!!! (EMERGENCY)

40
Q

What is esophageal varices

A

An EMERGIC airway issue common in alcoholics

41
Q

Have you jad surgery involving your abdomen?

A

CHANGE routine, BARIATRIC (amount), OSTOMY (coping)

42
Q

Do any of your FIRST DEGREE relatives have any history of GI disorders?

A

GARD, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer

43
Q

Do you drink alcohol? How MUCH, OFTEN, and LAST drink?

A

Cirrhosis, cancers, liver damage

44
Q

Why is it important to get information about people who drink alcohol

A

MEDS and a need to check lever tests

45
Q

What is the location of GERD

A

Mid-epigastric, may go to jaw

46
Q

What are the characteristics of GERD

A

Heartburn, regurgitation

47
Q

What are the exam findings of GERD

A

Burping alot, increased acidity

48
Q

What is the location of pancreatitis

A

LUQ, back

49
Q

What are the characterisistics of pancreatitis

A

SUDDEN onset, steady, severs, KNIFELIKE

50
Q

What are the exam findings of pancreatitis

A

Distention, decreased bowl sounds, LUQ tenderness, Cullen’s sign, Grey-Turner’s sign

51
Q

What is the location of appendicitis

A

RLQ

52
Q

What are the characterisitics of appendicits

A

Colicky

53
Q

What are the exam findings of appendicitis

A

Guarding, tenderness in RLQ, REBOUND TENDERNESS (more pain on release), mcburney’s point, Rovsing’s sign

54
Q

What is Mcburney’s point

A

Mexumum point of tenderness

55
Q

What is Tovsing’s sign

A

Palpate LLQ and have pain in RLQ

56
Q

What is the location of menstruation

A

Lower quadrants

57
Q

What are the characterisitics of menstruation

A

Cramping, sharp

58
Q

What are the exam findings of menstruation

A

Guarding, tenderness

59
Q

What are cullen’s sign and grey-turner’s sign related to

A

PANCREATITIS, ECTOPIC pregnancy, reptured SPLEEN

60
Q

Where is the Cullen’s sign

A

C around the umbilicus

61
Q

Where is the Grey-Turner’s sign

A

The Flank

62
Q

What causes the two signs

A

Blood pooling under the skin

63
Q

What are the premary preventions for coloractal cancer

A

DIET, EXERCISE, WEIGHT, SMOKE, ALOCOHOL

64
Q

What are the secondary preventions for colorectal cancer

A

Screened 45-75 years old, FOBT annually, colonoscopy every 10 years, CT every 5 years

65
Q

What are the assessment techniques for the abdominal assessment

A

Inspection, auscultation, light palpation, CVA tenderness

66
Q

How do you assess the contour of the abdomen

A

Stand at the foot of the ned and then the side, rib cage to hip bone

67
Q

What does rounded mean

A

Well nourished

68
Q

What does flat mean

A

Fit, muscular, athlete

69
Q

What does scaphoid mean

A

VOID, emaciation

70
Q

What does amaciation mean

A

Abnormally tin or weak, malnutrition

71
Q

What does protuberant mean

A

Enlarged, bulging abdomen, Excess FLUID, FAT, distanded

72
Q

What does distended mean

A

SWOLLEN, sometimes hard, liver issues, the six F’s (fetus, fluid (ascites), flatulence, feces, fibroid or fatal tumor

73
Q

What are the causes of striae

A

Obesity, pregnency

74
Q

How do you observe bulging

A

BEAR down, look around unbilicus

75
Q

What does bulging mean

A

Hernias, or infants, have it

76
Q

Is peristalsis usually visible

A

No

77
Q

Should you palpate an aortic pulsation

A

No, it could be an aneurysm

78
Q

Who can you see aortic pulsations in

A

Thin people

79
Q

What are you listening for

A

High pitched gurgling sounds

80
Q

What do these mean
absent
hypoactive
normoactive
hyperactive
borborygmi

A

nothing, less, 5-35 per/min, more, heard w/out stethoscope

81
Q

When can you state that bowel sounds are absent

A

After listening for 5 minutes in each quadrant

82
Q

Where do you start

A

RLQ

83
Q

What can cause hypoactive sounds

A

Constipation, post-surgical pts, carbotics, older, pregnancy

84
Q

What do post-surgical pts need to have before we feed them

A

Bowel sounds

85
Q

What can cause hyperactive bowel sounds

A

Coffee, laxatives, diarrgea, allergies, anxiety

86
Q

What side do you use to auscultate an aoritc bruit

A

Bell=bruit

87
Q

Where do you auscultate for an aortic cruit

A

xiphoid precess

88
Q

What is a bruit

A

Turbulent blood flow caused by narrowing of the blood vessel

89
Q

How to palpate

A

Palpate painful area last, KNEES up, WARM hands, HANDS on HANDS

90
Q

What does tympany mean

A

NORMAL

91
Q

What does dull mean

A

Indicative of distention, fluid, masses

92
Q

How to assess CVA tenderness

A

Sit on the edge of the bed, 12th rib, hit fist on the other hand

93
Q

What is CVA pain called

A

Flank pain

94
Q

What does dull and excruciating flank pain mean

A

full- pyelonephritis
excruciating- kidney stones

Nursing Essentials: Spring (5 decks)

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