Peripheral Vascular Flashcards
Arterial Pulses: UE and LE
UE
-Radial Artery
-Ulnar Artery
-Brachial Artery
LE
-Dorsalis Pedis
-Posterior Tibial
-Popliteal Artery
-Femoral Artery
Veins (LE Only)
-Deep Vein: 90% of blood back to the heart
-Superficial Veins: Great Saphenous & Small Saphenous
Lymph Nodes: UE
-Epitrochlear
-Axillary: Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral
Lymph Node: Findings
-Normal: Small, pea-shaped
-Abnormal: Infection (Enlarged)….
Intermittent Claudication
Discomfort in legs while walking
History: Common Symptoms
Edema, Numbness or Tingling, Weakness, Skin Changes, Nails, Pain Pattern, Intermitten claudication, varicose veins, hair loss
Types of Edema
-Non-pitting edema: No depression remains
-Pitting Edema: Depression remains in skin
-Brawny Edema: Resistant to touch
Pitting Edema Classification
1+: Mild pitting slight indention, no perceptible swelling
Trophic Assessment Interpretations
-Peripheral vascular disease: Brauny edema, color changes
-Raynauds: Severe pallor followed by cyanosis & then rubor
-Cellulitis: Local redness, swelling, heat
Lymphodema: Edema (MC cause: post-masectomy)
-Thromboangitis Obliterans: Ulceration, gangrene at finger
Skin Temperature Interpretations
-Bilaterally cold: cold environement, anxiety or poor circulation
-Bilaterally warm/hot: environment, post-workout, hyperthyroidism…
Nail compression test interpretations
-Normal: Pink returns
-Abnormal: Takes longer than 2s to retrun
Hydration Status (Tissue Turgor) Interpretations
-Normal: Snaps back rapidly
-Abnormal: Decreased turgor (skin remains elevated), increased turgor (skin cannot be grasped or raised)
Palpation: Pulses
-Normal: Symmertrical
-Abnormal: Asymmetrical
Axillary Lymph Nodes Interpretations
-Normal: small, round, soft, non-tender
-Abnormal: enlarged, tender, soft, smooth and mobile
-Cancer: hard, non tender, matted or fixed
-Lymphoma: Firm, rubbery
Allen Test Findings
-normal: color returns quickly
-Abnormal: color does not return promptly
Trophic assessment (LE) interpretations
-Edema: acute deep vein thrombosis, chronic venous insufficiency, incompetence of valves, or lymphedema
-Hair loss over the anterior tibial surface: decreased artererial flow
-Peripheral vascular disease: Thin, brittle skin, color changes
-Chronic venous insufficiency: Brawny edema, pigmentation, ulcers
Skin Temperature (LE) Interpretations
-BL Cold
-BL warm/hot
-Calf warm/hot
-Leg warm/hot
Skin thickening
-Interpretation: thickened, brawny skin: lymphedema and advanced venous insufficiency
Lymph node interpretations
-Normal: Pea-sized, non-tender…
-Infection/Immune Disease: Enlarged, non-tender, soft, mobile
-Cancer: enlarged, tender, hard, fixed
Femoral Hernia Check
-Abnormal: bulge or protrusion
Homan Test
-Testing for thrombophlebitis
-Postive: Calf Pain
Leg Elevation Test
-Interpretation: Rubor or persistent cyanosis: suggests poor arterial circulation
Venous Tap Test
Normal: Functioning valves will prevent the pulse wave from getting to palpated fingers
-Abnormal: Palpably transmitted impulse…
Peripheral Vascular Disease
-Artherosclerosis of the extremities causing ischemia
-Can affect both the upper and lower extremity
-Looking for color changes
-Ulcers
-Positive Allen’s Test
Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion
-Peripheral arteries are acutely occluded, causing acute ischemia
-Symptoms: severe pain, cold sensation, numbness
-Exam: pallor, cold, pulselessness
Leriche Syndrome
-Type of peripheral arterial disease
-only affects LE
-Affects butt muscles, legs and male genitalia
-Pain ,fague..
Diabetes Mellitus
-Increases risk of developing PVD
-May have intermittent claudicatoin
-Complications: More prone to arterial thrombosis
Thrombus
Blood Clot
DVT
-Clotting of blood in deep vein
-Complications: chronic venous insufficiency, primary cause of pulmonary embolism
-Risk factors: recent surgery, older, cancer, obesity, immobilization
