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PDX > Head, Face, Nose, Sinus and Neck Examination > Flashcards

Head, Face, Nose, Sinus and Neck Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Torticollis

A

Rotation w/out lateral flexion

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2
Q

Ocular causes of abnormal head position

A

Strabismus and diplopia

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3
Q

Non-ocular causes of an abnormal head position

A

Cerebral palsy, bony abnormalities, occipital cervical synostosis, Parkinsonism syndromes & unilateral hearing loss

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4
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

shape irregular due to birth trauma or congenital disorders

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5
Q

Padget’s disease

A

Enlarged skull

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6
Q

Down syndrome

A

One biological marker is abnormal or accelerated rate of head circumference

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7
Q

Acromegaly

A

Elongated head and prominent brow and jaw

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8
Q

Edamatous face: Causes

A

causes include nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism (myxedema) or pre-eclampsia

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9
Q

Cushings Syndrome

A

Round or “moon” face with red cheeks

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10
Q

Parotid gland enlargement

A

Swelling anterior to the ear lobes & above angles of jaw; causes include mumps, etc.

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11
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Symptom

A

Mask-like expression

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12
Q

What CN causes facial paralysis

A

CNVII

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13
Q

Hypothyroidism: Symptom

A

Thinning of outer 1/3 of eyebrow

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14
Q

Enophthalamos

A

Eyes placed back; related to hypothyroidism

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15
Q

Ptosis (symptoms/associations)

A

-Eyelid drooped
-Associated with Horner’s syndrome, myasthenia gravis or oculomotor nerve lesion

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16
Q

Entropion (symptoms/association)

A

-Turning inward of lid margin
-Elderly

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17
Q

Ectropion

A

-Turning outward of the lid margin
-Associated with elderly

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18
Q

Anisocoria

A

-Pupils asymmetrical
-Causes include: benign, trauma, medication etc.

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19
Q

Strabismus

A

-Pupils do not align
-CN III, IV, VI

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20
Q

Amblyopia

A

-Type of strabismus with one eye turning inward
-Cranial nerve III, IV, VI

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21
Q

Nasal flaring

A

-Respiratory distress

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22
Q

Pursed lips

A

-COPD

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23
Q

Cradle-cap

A

-White, yeasty looking
-Seen in children

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24
Q

Seborrhetic dermatitis

A

Redness and Scaling

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25
Q

Nits

A

Tiny tan, yellow or brown oval dots close to the scalp or after hatching, shell looks white or clear & continues to be firmly attached to the hair shaft

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26
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

Excessive male hair growth

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27
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive male-pattern hair growth in women due to androgen dominance

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28
Q

Alopecia

A

-Hair loss, including balding
-May suggest hormonal imbalances, aging or hypothyroidism

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29
Q

What condition is associated with coarse hair?

A

Hypothyroidism

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30
Q

What condition is associated with fine hair?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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31
Q

Pilonidal Cysts

A

Palpate the mass: Soft lumps or cyst (sac) of hair and debris

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32
Q

Pigmented nevi

A

Palpate for mass

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33
Q

Parotid gland enlargement

A

Swelling anterior to the ear lobs & above the angles of the jaw
-Causes include mumps

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34
Q

Giant Cell Artertis

A

Listen for bruits (temporal artery)

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35
Q

Unilateral bruit

A

-May be seen with seizures, headaches, stroke syndromes, intracranial mass lesions or carotid bruits
-Associated with orbital artery assessment

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36
Q

Bilateral bruits

A

-May suggest hyperthyroidism
-Associated with orbital artery assessment

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37
Q

CN V Trigeminal nerve assessment interpretations

A

-Cranial never lesion (is suggested)
-Sensory is decreased
-Patient does not blink
-Patient cannot maintain hold on tongue depressor

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38
Q

CN VII Facial Nerve assessment interpretation

A

-Cranial nerve lesion: Suggested if patient is unable to do

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39
Q

External nose interpretations

A

Broken nose or furuncle

40
Q

A history or obvious broken nose may predispose a patient to

A

sinusitis

41
Q

Furuncle

A

Tenderness of the nasal tip or alae may suggest local infection

42
Q

Acute Coryza (common cold)

A

Fiery red mucosa, clearly watery discharge

43
Q

Viral rhinitis

A

Mucosa is reddened & swollen

44
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

Mucosa is pale blue gray or pale pink & swollen/boggy

45
Q

Epistaxis

A

May result from nose-blowing, picking, direct trauma, dry air, septum issues, drug abuse etc

46
Q

Polyps

A

Pale, semi translucent masses

47
Q

Septal perforations

A

Include trauma, surgery & drug use

48
Q

Septal deviation

A

Due to trauma, congenital

49
Q

Obstruction during the nasal patency

A

Causes including sinusitis, allergies, polyps

50
Q

Sinusitis

A

May be painful to touch and percussion

51
Q

Pale colouration

A

May indicate poor circulation, cold temperature

52
Q

Nevi (Lips)

A

Moles: congenital or acquired from sun exposure

53
Q

Blotchy hyperpigmentation (Lips)

A

Dark or black looking pigmentation due to Addison’s disease, trauma or smoking

54
Q

Angioedema

A

-Swelling of the lips
-Allergic reaction

55
Q

Carcinoma of the lip

A

-May present as a scaly plaque, ulcer w/ or w/o a crust as a modular lesion
-May also appear on tongue/gums

56
Q

Chellitis

A

-Inflammation of the lip
-May suggest B12 or iron deficiency, allergy or precursor to skin CA

57
Q

Angular chellitis

A

Inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure or corner of the mouth & is often BL

58
Q

Labial HSV1 (aka cold sore or fever blisters)

A

-Small, sometimes painful fluid-filled reddish or purple blisters around the lips or corners of the mouth
-Over several days, the blisters tend to merge and then collapse
-A yellowish crust often forms over the sores

59
Q

Cracks or tissues (lips)

A

May be due to hydration status, poor fitting dentures, braces

60
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

-Aka: Canker sore or apithous ulcer
-White or oval lesion with an inflamed, red border (sometimes white circle or halo around the lesion)

61
Q

Mucocele

A

Benign cycles that forms between the gums and buccal walls (not common)

62
Q

Petechiae

A

May be present in individuals who bite their cheeks and in those with platelet disorders

63
Q

Bruxism

A

Bite marks

64
Q

Koplik spots of measles

A

Gray white spots near parotid duct opening

65
Q

Fordyce spots

A

Yellowish granulations

66
Q

Normal gums

A

-Pink
-Patchy brownness may be present, especially but not exclusively in those with dark-skin

67
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation and infection of gums

68
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

May be caused by Dilantin (seizure) therapy, puberty, pregnancy and leukaemia

69
Q

Alveolar pyorrhea

A

-Severe infection of the teeth with recession of gums
-May see tooth loss

70
Q

Hyperpigmentation (gums)

A

Several causes including Addison’s disease, medication, smoking or benign

71
Q

Blue or black line along gum

A

May be caused by heavy metal toxicity

72
Q

Discoloration of teeth

A

-Several causes: smoking, coffee, wine, cola, antibiotics

73
Q

Bruxism

A

Surface of teeth may be affected

74
Q

Malocclusion

A

Teeth do not meet correctly

75
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Adherent white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue

76
Q

Candiasis

A

Yeast-like fungus overgrowth on tongue or throat

77
Q

Atrophic glossitis

A

Beefy, red tongue associated with pernicious anemia, iron deficiency etc

78
Q

Geographic tongue

A

Map-like appearance of tongue due to irregular patches on its surface

79
Q

Cancer of the tongue

A

-Suspect any persistent red or white nodule or ulcer
-Induration increased the possibility
-M/C side of tongue at it’s base
-2nd M/C CA of the mouth

80
Q

Ankloglossia

A

-AKA tongue tie
-A congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum
-Often found in infants that have difficult breast feeding

81
Q

Stensen’s Ducts

A

(Parotid) open on the buccal mucosa opposite the 2nd molar on each side of the upper jaw

82
Q

Wharton ducts

A

(Submandibular gland ducts) under the tongue on each side of the frenulum

83
Q

Siaorrhea

A

-May be caused by medications, Parkinson’s or GERD

84
Q

Xerostomia

A

-May be caused by medications, nutrition, or Sjogrens

85
Q

Torus Palatinus

A

Midline growth in the hard palate that is fairly common in adults, size & lobulation vary
-May be insignificant, contributory to migraines or a characteristic of acromegaly

86
Q

Pharyngitis

A

-Inflammation of the throat
-Most common in viral & bacterial infections

87
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Red throat

88
Q

Strep throat

A

Red throat with white exudate on the tonsils (due to strep or mono)

89
Q

Cord nodules or polyps

A

May see with hoarseness

90
Q

Absence of gag reflex

A

Alone it does not support neurogenic dysphagia

91
Q

Abnormal gag reflex

A

-Soft palate fails to rise & uvula deviates away
-May be caused by movement disorders, myasthenia gravis, stroke, dementia & cervical spine surgery

92
Q

A lower motor lesion (hypoglossal)

A

-Will cause Deviation to the IL side
-Corresponding fasciulcations & atrophy

93
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion (hypoglossal)

A

Will cause the tongue to deviate away from the side of the cortical lesion
-Fasciulations and atrophy seen in the LMN are not always present

94
Q

Halitosis

A

-Causes may include poor hygiene, infection, GERD etc.

95
Q

Conditions of Head and Face

A

-High intercranial pressure headache
-Syncope, presyncope, dizziness
-Transient Ischemic Attact (TIA)
-CN VII hemiparesis (Bells Palsy & Stroke)

96
Q

Conditions of Nose

A

Anosmia, Rhinorrhea & acute coryza, Rhinitis (viral and allergic), acute sinusitis, hypertrophied turbinate, polyps, malignant cancer, snoring

97
Q

Conditions of Neck

A

Hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer

PDX (13 decks)

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