Female Health Flashcards
Aerola
Circular, darker pigmented area around the nipple
-Nullipara areola are normally pink
Montgomery Glands
-Small sebaceous glands that look like bumps around the breast
Cooper ligament
Suspensory ligaments of the breast
-Maintain shape and structural
Breast cancer incidence
-Most common age: 55-64 yo
-Risk factors: family history, over 50, nulliparous, first child after 30…
Chief Complaint of breast cancer
A Lump
Scar Findings
-Mastectomy
-Augmentation mammoplasty
-Reduction mammoplasty
-Nipple tattoo
Striae
-Lines caused by mechanical stretching of the skin
Dilated Superficial veins
Increased blood flow from the breast
-Normal causes: Age-related change
-Abnormal causes: Cancer and Inflammation
Peau D’orange
-Dimpling of the skin that resembles the skin of an orange
-“Pig skin”
-Developed because of blocked lymphatic drainage
-Suggests carcinoma
Dimpling
Shortening or drawing backward of the skin
Supernumerary nipple
Extra nipple of the skin
Nipple retraction
-Nipple turns inward
Nipple discharge
-Normal in pregnancy and lactation
-Abnormal: Cancer/Mastitis; Color/consistency: bloody, pus, clear, thick, thin…
Observation of Cancer (5 D’s)
5 D’s
-Discharge
-Depression (or inversion)
-Discoloration
-Dermalogic changes
-Deviation (compared to opposite side)
Padget’s Disease
-Intraductal carcinoma of the breast
Mastitis
-Staph infection of the breast
-Most common in lactating women
-Very painful
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
-Formation of cysts & intraductal hyperplasia
-Cycles with the menstrual cycle
-Common in women 30s-50s
-Not harmful
Fibroadenoma of the Breast
-Common benign breast tissues
-Made up of both glandular and connective tissue
-Most common: Adolescence to age 30
Gynecomastia
-Abnormally large mammary glands in the male
Female Reproductive Stages
-Menarche: Starts in adolescence
-Menopause: Cessation of menstruation
Stages of menopause
-Perimenopause: Commonly starts in 40s (estrogen decreases/causes irregular periods)
-Menopause: Commonly starts 40-50s (No period for 12 months)
-Post Menopause
Gravida
Number of pregnancies
Para
Number of birth past 20 weeks
Amenorrhea
-Absence of menses
-Primary: Failure to menstruate by 16 yo
-Secondary: Menses appeared at puberty but subsequently ceased
Oligomenorrhea
Abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
Menorrhagia
Abnormally heavy or extended menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
Abnormal pain associated with menstrual cycle
Mittelschmerz
Abdominal pain occuring at the time of ovulation
Metorrhagia
Any uterine bleeding that is not related to menstruation
Dysparaunia
Pain associated with sexual intercourse
Post coital bleeding
Bleeding after intercourse
Leukorrhea
White, vaginal discharge
Vaginal Discharge, odor, itch
-Normal : Milky white
-Abnormal: Different colors, odorous, irritating; Usually indicates vaginal infection
Premenstrual Syndrome
Wide range of symptoms associated with the second half of cycle that usually goes away 1-2 days after cycle begins
-Usually in 20s to 30s
-Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder: More severe form
Stress incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine with increased intra abdominal pressure
Urge incontinence
Sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine
Standard Pelvic examination
-Have a female assistant accompany male physician
-Touch thigh before beginning exam
Labia minora atrophy
Occurs due to decreased estrogen
Clitoromegaly
Enlarged clitoris that can be congenital or acquired
Urethritis
Red and swollen urethra (inflammed)
Urethral caruncle
Benign fleshy outgrowth of urethra
Hymen caruncle
Small irregular fleshy projections, located in introitus
Vaginal wall Abnormal findings
Abnormal: Masses/bulges and Discharge
Cervix Inspection
-Normal: Oval, slit like opening, pinkish
-Abnormal: Cervicitis (reddish, inflammed discharge), pregnancy (bluish discoloration), masses (retention, cysts, polyp), cancer (cauliflower growth)
Retention Cyst
Small white or purplish cysts that form on surface of cervix
PAP Smear
-Cervical cancer test
-3 samples: endocervical, cervical scrape, vaginal pool
Bimanual exam
-Internal palpation of structures
-Adnexa: Mass, cyst, pelvic inflammatory disease
-Bartholins Glands
Urethritis
Urethral infection; most commonly bacterial
Urethral caruncle
Benign, reddish, fleshy outgrowth at the urethral meatus
-Primarily occurs postmenopausal
-Asymptomatic mostly; but can have pain and bleeding
Cystocele
Bulging of the anterior vaginal wall
Vaginitis
Inflammation of vaginal mucosa
Bacterial vaginosis
Overgrowth of bacteria found in vaginal
-fishy smell
Monilial vagninitis
-Caused by candida albicans
-Curdy discahrge
Trichomonas vaginalis
-Caused by protozoan parasite that is sexually transmitted
-Malodorus frothy, yellow-green discharge
Atrophic vaginalis
Associated with aging, decreased estrogen, and diminished vaginal lubricatoin
-Discharge: Thin, yellowish discharge
-Leukoplakia, petechiae, and superficial erosions may be present
Non-specific vaginitis
Thin grayish discharge
Chlamydia Trachomatis
MC reported disease in US
-Can be asymptomatic
Condyloma acuminatum
Soft, warty papillomatous projection
Condyloma latum
Slightly raised, moist, flatted papules
Cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix
Uterine prolapse
Uterus descends toward or into the vagina
Uterine fibroids
Common benign masses of the uterus
-Can be asymptomatic
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Inflammation & infection of the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries
Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue grows outside uterus
