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PDX > Female Health > Flashcards

Female Health Flashcards

1
Q

Aerola

A

Circular, darker pigmented area around the nipple
-Nullipara areola are normally pink

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2
Q

Montgomery Glands

A

-Small sebaceous glands that look like bumps around the breast

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3
Q

Cooper ligament

A

Suspensory ligaments of the breast
-Maintain shape and structural

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4
Q

Breast cancer incidence

A

-Most common age: 55-64 yo
-Risk factors: family history, over 50, nulliparous, first child after 30…

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5
Q

Chief Complaint of breast cancer

A

A Lump

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6
Q

Scar Findings

A

-Mastectomy
-Augmentation mammoplasty
-Reduction mammoplasty
-Nipple tattoo

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7
Q

Striae

A

-Lines caused by mechanical stretching of the skin

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8
Q

Dilated Superficial veins

A

Increased blood flow from the breast
-Normal causes: Age-related change
-Abnormal causes: Cancer and Inflammation

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9
Q

Peau D’orange

A

-Dimpling of the skin that resembles the skin of an orange
-“Pig skin”
-Developed because of blocked lymphatic drainage
-Suggests carcinoma

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10
Q

Dimpling

A

Shortening or drawing backward of the skin

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11
Q

Supernumerary nipple

A

Extra nipple of the skin

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12
Q

Nipple retraction

A

-Nipple turns inward

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13
Q

Nipple discharge

A

-Normal in pregnancy and lactation
-Abnormal: Cancer/Mastitis; Color/consistency: bloody, pus, clear, thick, thin…

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14
Q

Observation of Cancer (5 D’s)

A

5 D’s
-Discharge
-Depression (or inversion)
-Discoloration
-Dermalogic changes
-Deviation (compared to opposite side)

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15
Q

Padget’s Disease

A

-Intraductal carcinoma of the breast

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16
Q

Mastitis

A

-Staph infection of the breast
-Most common in lactating women
-Very painful

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17
Q

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

A

-Formation of cysts & intraductal hyperplasia
-Cycles with the menstrual cycle
-Common in women 30s-50s
-Not harmful

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18
Q

Fibroadenoma of the Breast

A

-Common benign breast tissues
-Made up of both glandular and connective tissue
-Most common: Adolescence to age 30

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19
Q

Gynecomastia

A

-Abnormally large mammary glands in the male

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20
Q

Female Reproductive Stages

A

-Menarche: Starts in adolescence
-Menopause: Cessation of menstruation

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21
Q

Stages of menopause

A

-Perimenopause: Commonly starts in 40s (estrogen decreases/causes irregular periods)
-Menopause: Commonly starts 40-50s (No period for 12 months)
-Post Menopause

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22
Q

Gravida

A

Number of pregnancies

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23
Q

Para

A

Number of birth past 20 weeks

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24
Q

Amenorrhea

A

-Absence of menses
-Primary: Failure to menstruate by 16 yo
-Secondary: Menses appeared at puberty but subsequently ceased

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25
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Abnormally light or infrequent menstruation

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26
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormally heavy or extended menstruation

27
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Abnormal pain associated with menstrual cycle

28
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

Abdominal pain occuring at the time of ovulation

29
Q

Metorrhagia

A

Any uterine bleeding that is not related to menstruation

30
Q

Dysparaunia

A

Pain associated with sexual intercourse

31
Q

Post coital bleeding

A

Bleeding after intercourse

32
Q

Leukorrhea

A

White, vaginal discharge

33
Q

Vaginal Discharge, odor, itch

A

-Normal : Milky white
-Abnormal: Different colors, odorous, irritating; Usually indicates vaginal infection

34
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome

A

Wide range of symptoms associated with the second half of cycle that usually goes away 1-2 days after cycle begins
-Usually in 20s to 30s
-Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder: More severe form

35
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine with increased intra abdominal pressure

36
Q

Urge incontinence

A

Sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine

37
Q

Standard Pelvic examination

A

-Have a female assistant accompany male physician
-Touch thigh before beginning exam

38
Q

Labia minora atrophy

A

Occurs due to decreased estrogen

39
Q

Clitoromegaly

A

Enlarged clitoris that can be congenital or acquired

40
Q

Urethritis

A

Red and swollen urethra (inflammed)

41
Q

Urethral caruncle

A

Benign fleshy outgrowth of urethra

42
Q

Hymen caruncle

A

Small irregular fleshy projections, located in introitus

43
Q

Vaginal wall Abnormal findings

A

Abnormal: Masses/bulges and Discharge

44
Q

Cervix Inspection

A

-Normal: Oval, slit like opening, pinkish
-Abnormal: Cervicitis (reddish, inflammed discharge), pregnancy (bluish discoloration), masses (retention, cysts, polyp), cancer (cauliflower growth)

45
Q

Retention Cyst

A

Small white or purplish cysts that form on surface of cervix

46
Q

PAP Smear

A

-Cervical cancer test
-3 samples: endocervical, cervical scrape, vaginal pool

47
Q

Bimanual exam

A

-Internal palpation of structures
-Adnexa: Mass, cyst, pelvic inflammatory disease
-Bartholins Glands

48
Q

Urethritis

A

Urethral infection; most commonly bacterial

49
Q

Urethral caruncle

A

Benign, reddish, fleshy outgrowth at the urethral meatus
-Primarily occurs postmenopausal
-Asymptomatic mostly; but can have pain and bleeding

50
Q

Cystocele

A

Bulging of the anterior vaginal wall

51
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of vaginal mucosa

52
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

Overgrowth of bacteria found in vaginal
-fishy smell

53
Q

Monilial vagninitis

A

-Caused by candida albicans
-Curdy discahrge

54
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

-Caused by protozoan parasite that is sexually transmitted
-Malodorus frothy, yellow-green discharge

55
Q

Atrophic vaginalis

A

Associated with aging, decreased estrogen, and diminished vaginal lubricatoin
-Discharge: Thin, yellowish discharge
-Leukoplakia, petechiae, and superficial erosions may be present

56
Q

Non-specific vaginitis

A

Thin grayish discharge

57
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis

A

MC reported disease in US
-Can be asymptomatic

58
Q

Condyloma acuminatum

A

Soft, warty papillomatous projection

59
Q

Condyloma latum

A

Slightly raised, moist, flatted papules

60
Q

Cervicitis

A

Inflammation of the cervix

61
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

Uterus descends toward or into the vagina

62
Q

Uterine fibroids

A

Common benign masses of the uterus
-Can be asymptomatic

63
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Inflammation & infection of the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

64
Q

Endometriosis

A

Endometrial tissue grows outside uterus

PDX (13 decks)

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