Peripheral System Review Flashcards
True/False: Arteries and veins are innervated by the sympathetic system
True
What are connections between arterial branches providing collateral circulation to capillary beds called?
anastomoses
What do capillaries terminate in?
venules
What is the normal intravascular pressure at the arterial end of capillaries?
30 mmHg relative to interstitial space
Which of the following does NOT prevent reabsorbtion and cause edema?
a. Venous hypertension
b. Blockage of lymphatic vessels
c. Increased plasma protein concentration
d. Decreased plasma protein concentration
c. Increased plasma protein concentration
What is the formula for Mean Arterial Pressure?
What is considered normal values?
What happens if the MAP is too low?
MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP)
Normal values: 70-100
If it is not at least 70, you will not have adequate perfusion of blood in the vessels.
What is the normal osmotic pressure of reabsorption at the venous end of the capillaries?
25 mmHg
What are the two main constrictors of blood vessels that we have to know?
norepinephrine
angiotensin
What, in simple terms, is arteriosclerosis obliterans?
blockage in an artery
If arteriosclerosis obliterans is in the superficial femoral artery, where will the pain be?
In the buttocks or thigh
If arteriosclerosis obliterans is in the descending aorta or iliac artery, where will the pain be?
right in the buttocks (pronounce with Forrest Gump accent to add something interesting to your studying)
If arteriosclerosis obliterans is in the popliteal artery, where will the pain be?
in the calf.
Why is diabetes a risk factor for arteriosclerosis obliterans?
It causes the body to age faster.
How are leg symptoms in arteriosclerosis obliterans distributed
In a sock pattern
In treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans, what does Cilostazol or Pentoxifylline do?
changes the flexibility of the RBC’s
What is the usual surgeries you see with arteriosclerosis obliterans?
stent or bypass, sometimes an amputation
In treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans, what does Plavix do?
decreases platelet buildup in arteries
In treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans, what do statins do?
lowers cholesterol, stopping build up
What are the most common sites for an aneurysm?
aortic cerebral popliteal mesenteric spleenic
True/False. Females have more aneurisms than males.
False. Males have more than females.
How are aneurisms managed usually?
stent or removal of aneurism
What is an emboli?
Any object that gets lodged somewhere it isn’t supposed to be.
True/False: Long term IV therapy, mitral stenosis, a-fib, and rheumatic heart disease are all possible risk factors for emboli.
True
Angioplasty has less than what percent mortality for treatment of emboli.
less than 50% mortality
What percentage of patients with DVT actually show symptoms?
50%
True/False: DVT’s are more common in men and 1/3 of them happen to people >40 and with surgery or acute MI.
True and False. The 2nd part is true, but they are more common in women.
What is post-phlebitic syndrome?
A form of chronic venous insufficiency that results from stretching from clot which happens 5-10 days post DVT.
What is the primary risk factor for venous disease?
Venous stasis from immobility or standing on hard surfaces for too long.
What test has replaced the Homan’s test to be the standard scoring for venous disease?
Well’s score
When must anti-thrombolytic therapy be given to be at all effective?
1st 60 minutes
What type of disease is thromboangitis obliterans or Buerger’s Disease?
What groups of people is it most common?
What can it cause?
Vasospastic disease (like Raynaud’s or TIA)
South Asians, males 20-40 y/o, smokers
It can cause amputation
Which type of lymphedema most common, primary or 2ndary?
secondary (acquired).
Which of these primary forms of lymphedema happen at birth, puberty, and middle age?
Tarda
Milroy
Meige
birth: Milroy
puberty: Meige
middle age: Tarda
What are the 2 risk factors for acquired or 2ndary lymphedema?
surgery (to remove lymph glands) and radiation treatment.
What happens first in lymphedema, swelling or all the other symptoms?
All other symptoms first, swelling later.
True/False. Htn happens in males >45 more often and females >55 more often.
True
How many meds does an African American usually need to get htn under control? How many meds does a Caucasian need usually?
AA: 2
Caucasian: 1
How does the brain detect changes in BP?
baroreceptors
What are the 3 general treatments for Htn?
- Meds (though they don’t work good)
- decrease salt in diet
- increase exercise, decrease stress.
What are the 5 common causes of orthostatic hypotension?
- too much Htn meds
- prolonged bed rest
- atherosclerosis
- diabetes
- neurogenic disorders
What are the 2 main treatments for orthostatic hypotension?
- Adjustment of medication
2. progressive tilting
What is the mortality for aortic dissection in 3 months?
90%
