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Cardiopulmonary Test 1 > Myocardial Perfusion Handout > Flashcards

Myocardial Perfusion Handout Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac muscle contains _______ but _______ t-tubules

A

fewer, larger

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2
Q

True/False: Cardiac muscle cannot regenerate

A

False: It can regenerate, but only 1% per year

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3
Q

True/False: Cariac muscle contains intercalated discs, but skeletal muscle does not.

A

True

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4
Q

Normal lab values: Whoopee!

  1. pH
  2. PCO2
  3. PO2
  4. HCO3
  5. %Sat
A
  1. 7.35-7.45
  2. 40 mmHg
  3. 97 mmHg
  4. 24 mEq/L
  5. 95-98%
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5
Q

What is the most commonly occluded coronary artery? What does it supply

A

LAD. It supplies the left ventricle

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6
Q

What artery is the most common one to supply the AV and SA nodes?

A

RCA

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7
Q

True/False: In angina, women tend to have left shoulder blade pain and men tend to have left arm pain.

A

True

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8
Q

What is Levine’s sign

A

pt clenches fist over sternum

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9
Q

What are the 2 things that relieve angina (if it is stable angina)?

A

rest and nitro

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10
Q

What is prinzmetal angina

A

angina that only occurs at rest because of vasospasm

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11
Q

What is the main important distinction between stable and unstable angina?

A

stable: happens at predictable rate pressure product (RPP)
unstable: doesn’t happen at a predictable RPP

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12
Q

What is the most frequent cause of MI?

A

atherosclerotic heart disease with thrombus formation.

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13
Q

The following symptoms occur most often in males or females?

  1. SOB
  2. weakness
  3. heartburn
  4. pain in arm
  5. L shoulder blade pain
  6. extreme fatigue
A
  1. men
  2. men
  3. women
  4. men
  5. women
  6. women
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14
Q

True/False: The preload is the amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction and the afterload is the amount of resistance in the system.

A

True

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15
Q

What will the central zone of infarct show on an ECG?

A

larger Q wave

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16
Q

What will the zone of injury show on the ECG?

A

elevated ST segment in leads over this area

17
Q

What will the zone of ischemia show on an ECG?

A

as an inverted T wave

18
Q

What are the 3 main causes of valvular heart disease?

A
  1. Congenital deformities
  2. infection
  3. disease
19
Q

When valve leaflets don’t close completely, resulting in regurgitation of blood behind the valve, this is termed…

a. stenosis
b. insufficiency
c. prolapse

A

b. insufficiency

20
Q

When there is a narrowing so that the valve will not fully open, causing the chamber behind the valve to push more forcefully, this is termed…

a. stenosis
b. insufficiency
c. prolapse

A

stenosis

21
Q

When mitral valve leaflets bulge back into left atrium, this is called…

a. stenosis
b. insufficiency
c. prolapse

A

c. prolapse

22
Q

True/False: Valve issues happen more on the left side than the right side of the heart.

A

True

23
Q

What are 2 compensatory mechanisms for valvular heart diseases?

A

ventricular hypertrophy

peripheral changes such as vasodilation

24
Q

True/False Dilated cardiomyopathy is an increase in heart size without an increase in chamber volume while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an increase in chamber volume without an increase in wall thickness.

A

False: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an increase in heart size without an increase in chamber volume while dilated cardiomyopathy is an increase in chamber volume without an increase in wall thickness.

25
Q

What is the part of the heart damaged during restrictive cardiomyopathy and how is is damaged? What does it cause as a result?

A

The ventricles are damaged in that the compliance of the muscle is compromised and the walls become rigid. This causes backflow throughout the system.

26
Q

What is acute myocarditis often caused by?

What condition will it often follow? What condition is often concurrent with it?

A

caused by Streptococcal infection.

Often follows upper respiratory infection, often concurrent with pericarditis

27
Q

What is pericarditis? How are symptoms often relieved from it?

A

Acute inflammation of the pericardium. Symptoms can often be relieved with all fours position (unlike MI)

28
Q

What serious condition can a pericardial effusion cause? What kind of heart sound can it cause?

A

tamponade. Can hear a pericardial friction rub often.

29
Q

What disease does rheumatic heart disease often follow? What part of the heart does it usually affect?

A

strep throat. It affects the mitral valve usually and sometimes another valve.

30
Q

Infective endocarditis is caused by what agent(s)?

What is the primary cause?

A

bacterial or fungal.

Most often happens when infection is introduced directly into the blood stream.

Cardiopulmonary Test 1 (11 decks)

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