Lab 1: Vitals & ECG Interpretation Flashcards
What is considered “normal” on the Peripheral pulse grading scale?
a. 0
b. 1+
c. 2+
d. 3+
e. 4+
c. 2+ is normal
3+ is max. 0 is no pulse
What are 4 possible causes of tachycardia?
- anemia
- hyperthyoidism
- fever
- anxiety
What are 3 conditions indicating bradycardia (other than being a conditioned athlete)?
sinus bradycardia
2nd-degree heart block
3rd-degree heart block
What part on the ECG indicates the electrical depolarization of the atria?
P wave
What does the T wave represent?
later repolarization of the ventricles due to an increase in potassium ion concentration
What does the QRS complex indicate?
What is a normal duration of the QRS complex?
The depolarization of the ventricles (with the repolarization of the atria hidden by it).
Normally .06 - .10 seconds.
Why is the QRS complex taller and wider than the p-wave?
Because of the increased muscle mass of the ventricle compared to the atria
What does the U-wave represent?
Why is it a problem if it is visible?
terminal phase of ventricular repolarization
If it is visible, this means there may be abnormal electrolyte and ion concentrations.
What does the PR interval indicate?
How long is it normally?
The normal delay through the AV node that is the time period from the onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization.
Usually .12-.20 seconds
What does a depressed ST segment indicate?
problems with the heart muscle mass
What should the normal size of the QT interval be?
less than or equal to 1/2 the distance of the R-R.
What is the normal heart rate?
60-100bpm
What are the 5 questions to ask when evaluating a ECG strip?
- What is the rate and pattern?
- Does a P wave proceed every QRS complex?
- Is there a QRS after every P?
- What is the P-R interval?
- Is the QRS of normal duration and morphology?
What plane are the I, II, III, and aV leads?
frontal plane
What plane are the V# leads in?
transverse plane
Where do MI’s shift the electrical axis? Where does ventricular hypertrophy shift the electrical axis?
MI: away from dead tissue
hypertrophy: toward because it needs more current to depolarize it.
Where does advanced pregnancy and obesity shift the electrical axis? Where does chronic lung disease and pulmonary embolism shift the electrical axis?
preg & obesity: upward to the left
lung disease and PE: rightward b/c of enlargement of R ventricle.
- If lead I is positive and aVF is negative, what is the deviation?
- If lead I is negative and aVF is positive, what is the deviation?
- If both leads are positive, what is the deviation?
- left
- right
- normal range
Atrial hypertrophy can be seen in which lead? What happens on the ECG?
seen in V1
ECG shows diphasic P wave
What will you see in VI with R ventricular hypertrophy? What about V2, 3, 4?
What kind of axis deviation will you see with this condition?
large R wave. smaller in V2, 3, 4
right axis deviation
What will you see in an ECG with L ventricular hypertrophy? what axis deviation?
What will you see in VI and V5?
Enlarged QRS, T wave inversion and asymmetry.
left axis deviation, left rotation.
Large S in VI and Large R in V5 total >35mm.
What will myocardial ischemia look like in an ECG (2 things)?
- Inverted T wave
2. ST segment depression >1 mm for 80msec or longer
What will myocardial injury look like in an ECG?
ST segment elevation
What will an MI do to an ECG?
What leads will this affect if it is an anterior infarct?
lateral infarct?
inferior infarct?
Make a significant Q wave.
anterior: V1-V4
lateral: I and aVL
inferior: II, III, and aVF