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Cardiopulmonary Test 1 > Lab 1: Vitals & ECG Interpretation > Flashcards

Lab 1: Vitals & ECG Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered “normal” on the Peripheral pulse grading scale?

a. 0
b. 1+
c. 2+
d. 3+
e. 4+

A

c. 2+ is normal

3+ is max. 0 is no pulse

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2
Q

What are 4 possible causes of tachycardia?

A
  1. anemia
  2. hyperthyoidism
  3. fever
  4. anxiety
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3
Q

What are 3 conditions indicating bradycardia (other than being a conditioned athlete)?

A

sinus bradycardia
2nd-degree heart block
3rd-degree heart block

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4
Q

What part on the ECG indicates the electrical depolarization of the atria?

A

P wave

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5
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

later repolarization of the ventricles due to an increase in potassium ion concentration

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6
Q

What does the QRS complex indicate?

What is a normal duration of the QRS complex?

A

The depolarization of the ventricles (with the repolarization of the atria hidden by it).
Normally .06 - .10 seconds.

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7
Q

Why is the QRS complex taller and wider than the p-wave?

A

Because of the increased muscle mass of the ventricle compared to the atria

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8
Q

What does the U-wave represent?

Why is it a problem if it is visible?

A

terminal phase of ventricular repolarization

If it is visible, this means there may be abnormal electrolyte and ion concentrations.

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9
Q

What does the PR interval indicate?

How long is it normally?

A

The normal delay through the AV node that is the time period from the onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization.
Usually .12-.20 seconds

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10
Q

What does a depressed ST segment indicate?

A

problems with the heart muscle mass

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11
Q

What should the normal size of the QT interval be?

A

less than or equal to 1/2 the distance of the R-R.

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12
Q

What is the normal heart rate?

A

60-100bpm

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13
Q

What are the 5 questions to ask when evaluating a ECG strip?

A
  1. What is the rate and pattern?
  2. Does a P wave proceed every QRS complex?
  3. Is there a QRS after every P?
  4. What is the P-R interval?
  5. Is the QRS of normal duration and morphology?
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14
Q

What plane are the I, II, III, and aV leads?

A

frontal plane

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15
Q

What plane are the V# leads in?

A

transverse plane

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16
Q

Where do MI’s shift the electrical axis? Where does ventricular hypertrophy shift the electrical axis?

A

MI: away from dead tissue
hypertrophy: toward because it needs more current to depolarize it.

17
Q

Where does advanced pregnancy and obesity shift the electrical axis? Where does chronic lung disease and pulmonary embolism shift the electrical axis?

A

preg & obesity: upward to the left

lung disease and PE: rightward b/c of enlargement of R ventricle.

18
Q
  1. If lead I is positive and aVF is negative, what is the deviation?
  2. If lead I is negative and aVF is positive, what is the deviation?
  3. If both leads are positive, what is the deviation?
A
  1. left
  2. right
  3. normal range
19
Q

Atrial hypertrophy can be seen in which lead? What happens on the ECG?

A

seen in V1

ECG shows diphasic P wave

20
Q

What will you see in VI with R ventricular hypertrophy? What about V2, 3, 4?
What kind of axis deviation will you see with this condition?

A

large R wave. smaller in V2, 3, 4

right axis deviation

21
Q

What will you see in an ECG with L ventricular hypertrophy? what axis deviation?
What will you see in VI and V5?

A

Enlarged QRS, T wave inversion and asymmetry.
left axis deviation, left rotation.
Large S in VI and Large R in V5 total >35mm.

22
Q

What will myocardial ischemia look like in an ECG (2 things)?

A
  1. Inverted T wave

2. ST segment depression >1 mm for 80msec or longer

23
Q

What will myocardial injury look like in an ECG?

A

ST segment elevation

24
Q

What will an MI do to an ECG?
What leads will this affect if it is an anterior infarct?
lateral infarct?
inferior infarct?

A

Make a significant Q wave.

anterior: V1-V4
lateral: I and aVL
inferior: II, III, and aVF

Cardiopulmonary Test 1 (11 decks)

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