Cardiopulmonary Diagnostic Testing Flashcards
What does the predictive value of a test reflect?
reflects sensitivity and specificity
How is gender an influencing factor for accuracy of diagnostic tests?
ST elevation is not as big for females as males
What medication can influence testing?
Beta-blockers
How can diseases influence diagnostic testing?
They can mask issues
How does diabetes influence diagnostic testing?
decreases sensation and circulation
To get an accurate blood pressure reading, how far apart should you space tests?
2 days apart
What 2 things can postural hypotension indicate?
vascular issues or dehydration
How do you find the Ankle Brachial Index?
pressure of leg / pressure of arm
What is considered a normal ABI?
1 or 1.1
What is the ABI signifying intermittent claudication?
< 0.8
What ABI is considered severe limb-threatening PAD?
< 0.25
True/False: A 12-lead resting ECG shows a high sensitivity and specificity to ischemia.
False: It shows a low sensitivity and specificity
In doing an exercise ECG, a false + is indicated when there are less than how many risk factors?
< 2
Is the sensitivity and specificity high or low in an exercise ECG?
sensitivity: low
specificity: high
What is considered the gold standard for determining status of coronary arteries and valves?
Cardiac catheterization (coronary angiography)
What artery is used for entry during cardiac catheterization?
femoral artery
What 4 things does a cardiac catheterization show?
- blockages
- stroke volume
- cardiac output
- ejection fraction
What are the 3 main problems with cardiac catherization?
- Allergic reaction
- cost-roughly $3000
- serious health complications (stroke, MI or death)
True/False: Echocardiography can show heart wall motion abnormality and systolic/dyastolic function.
True
What main thing can a CT scan show in screening for cardiovascular issues?
presence of calcified plaque
What imaging is used with venography?
x-rays after contrast medium injected
What specific conditions can x-rays show?
cardiomegaly or heart displacement
How does radionuclide imaging work?
Radioactive substance (techtinium 99) injected into blood, absorbed by unhealthy tissue, then looked at with gamma camera.
What vein is a swan-ganz catheter inserted in?
jugular vein
What 3 things can a swan-ganz catheter check?
- pulmonary pressure
- capillary wedge pressure
- temperature changes
An arterial line is placed at which artery and measures what 2 things?
placed at radial artery
measures arterial pressure and arterial blood gasses
What 3 things does a CVP catheter show?
- blood volume
- vascular tone
- venous return
