Epidemiology and Risk Factors Flashcards
Do more females or males have Htn?
Females
Do more females or males have Coronary Heart Disease?
Males
Do more females or males have heart failure?
Males
Do more females or males have strokes every year?
Females
Who have higher rates of cardiovascular disease, African Americans or Whites?
African Americans
Who have higher rates of pulmonary disease, African Americans or Whites?
Whites
Do more females or males have Chronic bronchitis?
females
Do more females or males have COPD?
males
What are the top 3 causes of death in the US?
These 3 combined account for what % of all deaths?
- heart disease
- Cancer
- Stroke
These 3 account for 50% of all deaths.
Put the following cardiovascular diseases in order of morbidity: Htn stroke angina heart failure a-fib MI
- Htn
- MI
- Angina
- Stroke
- heart failure
- A-fib
Put the following pulmonary diseases in order of morbidity: Tuberculosis Emphysema Asthma Chronic Bronchitis Lung Cancer
- Asthma
- Lung Cancer
- Emphysema
- Tuberculosis
- Chronic Bronchitis
How many of today’s 20 year olds will eventually become disabled?
1 in 4
Do more females or males have MI’s every year?
Males
True/False: Any hx of heart disease in family members who are 55 y/o or less should be an added alert.
True
What are the minimum values for hypertension? Values for pre-hypertension?
htn: more than or equal to 140/90
prehtn: 120/80 - 139/89
What percent of LDL cholesterol should the HDL cholesterol be to be be considered healthy?
1/3
What is considered high cholesterol?
240mg/dL
What BMI is considered obese?
> or= 30
What is the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US?
Smoking
What does it mean to be pre-diabetic?
fasting glucose and A1C levels are high
Which of the following risk factors do NOT make up metabolic syndrome?
- dyslipidemia
- obesity
- diabetes
- insulin resistance
- Htn
- diabetes
What is fibrinogen?
A component of the bood which factors into blood clotting
What drug is one of the most common causes of heart attack in young people?
cocaine
What are the effects of cocaine on the cardiovascular system?
constricts blood vessels
increases heart rate
increases blood pressure
What are the 3 non-changeable pulmonary risk factors?
- Childhood Respiratory Infections
- Aging
- Asthma
What is the main cause of RDS in youth?
lacking surfactant
What are the 2 respiratory risk factors that can be changed?
- Smoking
2. Environmental factors
