Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Question 1

Do more females or males have Htn?

Answer 1

Females

Question 2

Do more females or males have Coronary Heart Disease?

Answer 2

Males

Question 3

Do more females or males have heart failure?

Answer 3

Males

Question 4

Do more females or males have strokes every year?

Answer 4

Females

Question 5

Who have higher rates of cardiovascular disease, African Americans or Whites?

Answer 5

African Americans

Question 6

Who have higher rates of pulmonary disease, African Americans or Whites?

Answer 6

Whites

Question 7

Do more females or males have Chronic bronchitis?

Answer 7

females

Question 8

Do more females or males have COPD?

Answer 8

males

Question 9

What are the top 3 causes of death in the US?

These 3 combined account for what % of all deaths?

Answer 9

1. heart disease
2. Cancer
3. Stroke
   These 3 account for 50% of all deaths.

Question 10

Put the following cardiovascular diseases in order of morbidity:
Htn
stroke
angina
heart failure
a-fib
MI

Answer 10

1. Htn
2. MI
3. Angina
4. Stroke
5. heart failure
6. A-fib

Question 11

Put the following pulmonary diseases in order of morbidity:
Tuberculosis
Emphysema
Asthma
Chronic Bronchitis
Lung Cancer

Answer 11

1. Asthma
2. Lung Cancer
3. Emphysema
4. Tuberculosis
5. Chronic Bronchitis

Question 12

How many of today’s 20 year olds will eventually become disabled?

Answer 12

1 in 4

Question 13

Do more females or males have MI’s every year?

Answer 13

Males

Question 14

True/False: Any hx of heart disease in family members who are 55 y/o or less should be an added alert.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are the minimum values for hypertension? Values for pre-hypertension?

Answer 15

htn: more than or equal to 140/90
prehtn: 120/80 - 139/89

Question 16

What percent of LDL cholesterol should the HDL cholesterol be to be be considered healthy?

Answer 16

1/3

Question 17

What is considered high cholesterol?

Answer 17

240mg/dL

Question 18

What BMI is considered obese?

Answer 18

> or= 30

Question 19

What is the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US?

Answer 19

Smoking

Question 20

What does it mean to be pre-diabetic?

Answer 20

fasting glucose and A1C levels are high

Question 21

Which of the following risk factors do NOT make up metabolic syndrome?

1. dyslipidemia
2. obesity
3. diabetes
4. insulin resistance
5. Htn

Answer 21

3. diabetes

Question 22

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 22

A component of the bood which factors into blood clotting

Question 23

What drug is one of the most common causes of heart attack in young people?

Answer 23

cocaine

Question 24

What are the effects of cocaine on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 24

constricts blood vessels
increases heart rate
increases blood pressure

Question 25

What are the 3 non-changeable pulmonary risk factors?

Answer 25

1. Childhood Respiratory Infections
2. Aging
3. Asthma

Question 26

What is the main cause of RDS in youth?

Answer 26

lacking surfactant

Question 27

What are the 2 respiratory risk factors that can be changed?

Answer 27

1. Smoking

2. Environmental factors