Heart Failure Lecture

Question 1

What heart disease is the usual cause of heart failure? What atrial disease can also cause it?

Answer 1

Htn

A-fib

Question 2

50% of all patients with heart failure will die in how long?

Answer 2

5 years

Question 3

What is the definition of heart failure?

Answer 3

Inability of the heart to maintain stroke volume, either from the inability to fill completely or the inability to eject completely.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of heart failure?

1. Dyspnea
2. Angina during exercise
3. Decreased exercise tolerance
4. Fluid retention
5. Fatigue

Answer 4

2. Angina during exercise

Question 5

True/False. Under normal circumstances, performing a Valsalva maneuver will result in decreased HR and increased systolic BP

Answer 5

False. Both should be decreased

Question 6

When a patient with heart failure has a marked limitation of physical activity with less than ordinary activity causing symptoms, they are said to have what New York Heart Association stage of heart failure?

a. Class I
b. Class II
c. Class III
d. Class IV

Answer 6

c. Class III

Question 7

What ACC/AHA stage of heart failure is presented when patient is asymptomatic but has impaired LV or hypertrophy?
A
B
C
D

Answer 7

B

Question 8

What ACC/AHA stage of heart failure is presented when patient has refractory HF?
A
B
C
D

Answer 8

D

Question 9

True/False: Heart failure is the #2 reason for hospitalization for those who are >65 y/o.

Answer 9

False. It is #1

Question 10

What type of heart failure is the heart able to maintain stroke volume by compensatory mechanisms and with medical interventions (though EF is still reduced)?

a. Compensated
b. Decompensated
c. Intractable

Answer 10

a. compensated

Question 11

What is the most common medication used for heart failure? what does it do? What is the problem with it?

Answer 11

digitalis
it increases the contractility of the heart
however it has lots of problems with toxicity

Question 12

Those with Intractable Heart Failure have an Ejection Fraction of less than…

a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
e. 50%

Answer 12

b. 20%

Question 13

What type of Heart Failure results in pulmonary congestion?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 13

a. Left Sided

Question 14

What type of Heart Failure results in left ventricular cavity size being normal or decreased?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 14

d. Diastolic

Question 15

What type of Heart Failure results in elevated end-diastolic right ventricular pressure

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 15

e. a) and b)

Question 16

What type of Heart Failure results in a left ventricular mass increase?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 16

f. c) and d)

Question 17

What type of Heart Failure has an etiology of htn, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathies?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 17

a. Left Sided

Question 18

What type of Heart Failure results in a decrease in wall thickness?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 18

c. Systolic

Question 19

What type of Heart Failure results in Systemic congestion?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 19

b. Right Sided

Question 20

What type of Heart Failure has an etiology of mitral stenosis, infective endocarditis, and pulmonic or tricuspid valvular disease?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 20

b. Right Sided

Question 21

What type of Heart Failure results in contractility being compromised?

a. Left Sided
b. Right Sided
c. Systolic
d. Diastolic
e. a) and b)
f. c) and d)

Answer 21

c. Systolic

Question 22

What is the formula to find ejection fraction?

Answer 22

(End diastolic volume - end systolic volume) / end diastolic volume

Question 23

What is considered a normal ejection fraction?

Answer 23

50-60%

Question 24

Below what number is the ejection fraction for heart failure?

Answer 24

<35%

Question 25

What is the normal ejection fraction during activity?

a. 50-60%
b. 60-70%
c. 70-80%
d. 80-90%

Answer 25

b. 60-70%

Question 26

What does the Frank Starling Effect say about the ventricle?

Answer 26

It states that as a balloon is stretched more, the more it will contract. Same thing happens in the ventricle.

Question 27

What does an LVAD do?

Answer 27

Hangs on the outside of the body, and does the work of the L ventricle.

Question 28

What is the last line of treatment for Heart Failure?

Answer 28

Heart transplant (only in younger patients)

Question 29

What are 2 important considerations when giving an HEP to a patient with heart failure?

Answer 29

Keep them submaximal and have the patient try them in the clinic before they go home.