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*MSK > Peripheral Nerve Injuries > Flashcards

Peripheral Nerve Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Axons are covered with what?

A

Endoneurium

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2
Q

Fascicles are covered with what?

A

Perineurium

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3
Q

Nerves are covered with what?

A

Epineurium

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4
Q

What are the main causes of nerve injuries?

A

Compression

Trauma

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5
Q

What are the classical conditions of nerve compression?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome
Sciatica
Morton’s neuroma

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6
Q

What is Morton’s neuroma?

A

Digital nerve in 2nd/3rd web space of forefoot

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7
Q

What is neurapraxia?

A

Stretched/bruised nerve
Reversible conduction block
Local ischaemia/demyelination

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8
Q

What is axonotmesis?

A

Endoneurium intact with disruption to axons
Stretched or crushed
Wallerian degeneration

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9
Q

What is neurotmesis?

A

Complete nerve division
Laceration or avulsion
No recovery unless repaired
Poor prognosis

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10
Q

What are the main types of nerve injury?

A

Neurapraxia
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis

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11
Q

What are closed nerve injuries?

A

Nerve injuries in continuity

neuropraxis, axonotmesis

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12
Q

When is surgery indicated in closed nerve injuries?

A

After 3 months

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13
Q

What are open nerve injuries?

A

Complete break in nerve continuity

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14
Q

What is the typical cause of nerve division?

A

Laceration

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15
Q

What happens to distal segments of lacerated nerves?

A

Wallerian degeneration

up to 2/3 weeks after injury

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of nerve injury?

A 
Dysaesthesia
Weakness/paralysis
Wasting
Dry skin
Diminished reflexes
17
Q

Which modality of nerve function returns first in nerve healing?

A

Pain sensation

18
Q

What is Tinel’s sign? What is its function?

A

Monitoring recovery
Tap over nerve site
Parasthesia as far distally as nerve regeneration has progressed

19
Q

How is nerve injury monitored?

A

Tinel’s sign

Nerve conduction studies

20
Q

What is the peripheral nerve injury “rule of 3”?

A

Clean/sharp injuries - surgery within 3 days
Blunt injuries - surgery within 3 weeks
Closed injuries - within 3 months

*MSK (25 decks)

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