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*MSK > Nerve Palsies in the Limbs > Flashcards

Nerve Palsies in the Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Sensory area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

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2
Q

What are the S’s of Sacral dermatomes?

A

Stand on S1
Sleep on S2
Sit on S3
Shit on S4

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3
Q

What is Hilton’s Law?

A

Nerves crossing a joint supply the muscles acting on it and the joint itself

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the hip joint?

A

OBTURATOR NERVE
Femoral nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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5
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Group of muscles supplied by 1 segment of spinal cord

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6
Q

What is the structure of the brachial plexus?

A 
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches
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7
Q

How do downward traction Brachial plexus lesions typically present?

A

Downward traction (fall onto shoulder)
C5, 6 damage
Waiter’s tip

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8
Q

How do upward traction Brachial plexus lesions typically present?

A 
Upward traction (breech delivery)
T1 damage (intrinsic muscles of hand)
Clawed hand (Klumpke's paralysis)
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9
Q

Axillary Nerve injury is commonly due to what?

A

Humeral neck surgery
Shoulder dislocation
Saturday night palsy

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10
Q

How does axillary nerve injury present?

A

Motor deficit - loss of shoulder abduction

Sensory Deficit - badge area

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11
Q

What are the roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5 - T1

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12
Q

In the arm, the Radial nerve is closely associated with what?

A

Profunda brachii

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13
Q

Where does the radial nerve enter the forearm?

A

Pass between brachioradialis and brachialis

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14
Q

What is saturday night palsy?

A

Falling asleep with arm over chair - compression of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

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15
Q

At what point is the radial nerve at risk?

A

Spiral groove of the humerus & lateral intermuscular septum

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16
Q

Radial nerve injury is a complication of?

A

Humeral shaft break

Saturday night palsy

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17
Q

What deficit is associated with radial nerve palsy?

A

Motor - wrist drop (extensors)

Sensory - 1st web space dorsally (space between thumb, 1st finger)

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18
Q

What are the root values of the median nerve?

A

C7, 8

T1

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19
Q

The median nerve is associated with what in the arm?

A

Brachial artery

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20
Q

Where does the median nerve enter the forearm?

A

Passes between the two heads of pronator teres

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21
Q

At which point is the median nerve at risk?

A

Volar aspect of the wrist

Cubital fossa

22
Q

Median nerve damage is a complication of what?

A

Wrist lacerations

Carpal tunnel syndrome

23
Q

What deficits are associated with median nerve injury?

A

Motor - thenar wasting, pointing finger

Sensory - volar aspect thumb

24
Q

What structures traverse the carpal tunnel?

A

Transverse carpal ligament
Flexor tendons
Median nerve

25
Q

What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C7, 8

T1

26
Q

The ulnar nerve is associated with what?

A

Superior ulnar collateral artery

27
Q

How does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm?

A

Passes between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

28
Q

Which part of the ulnar nerve is at risk?

A

Area behind medial epicondyle of humerous

29
Q

Ulnar nerve injury is a complication of what?

A

Break at humeral condyles

Wrist laceration

30
Q

What deficit is associated with Ulnar nerve injury?

A

Motor - claw hand, hypothenar wasting, 1st dorsal interosseus wasting
Sensory - little finger

31
Q

Where does the Lumbar Plexus lie?

A

Surface of quadratus lumborum

Within body of psoas major

32
Q

Where do Lumbar Plexus nerves exit the pelvis?

A

Mostly - sciatic foramen

33
Q

Which Lumbar Plexus nerves do not exit the pelvis via the sciatic foramen?

A

Genitofemoral & Ilioinguinal
Femoral
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Obturator nerves

34
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2 - 4

35
Q

What is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral nerve

36
Q

Where does the femoral nerve travel?

A

Through Psoas, exits under inguinal ligament
Lateral to fermoral artery, vein, lymphatics
(femoral triangle)

37
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Quadriceps muscles of thigh

38
Q

How does the femoral nerve terminate?

A

Long fine sensory branch

Saphenous Nerve

39
Q

What does the Saphenous Nerve travel with?

A

Femoral artery in thigh
Long saphenous vein in lower leg
Front medial malleolus

40
Q

What does the Saphenous nerve supply?

A

Big toe

41
Q

What are the nerve roots of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve?

A

L2, 3

42
Q

The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve lies where?

A

Surface of iliacus

Exits under lateral end of inguinal igament

43
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve?

A

Sensory - lateral thigh

44
Q

Compression of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve causes what?

A

Meralgia Paraesthetica

45
Q

What are the nerve roots of the Sciatic Nerve?

A

L4 - S3

46
Q

What does the Sciatic Nerve supply?

A

Hamstring muscles
Adductor magnus
Lower leg and foot muscles via branches

47
Q

What can put the sciatic nerve at risk?

A

Hip dislocation
Intra-muscular injections
Surgery

48
Q

What are the roots of the Common Fibular Nerve?

A

L4 - S3

49
Q

The Common Fibular Nerve is a branch of what?

A

Lateral branch of the sciatic nerve

50
Q

Where is the Common Fibular Nerve at risk?

A

Lateral aspect of fibula

51
Q

The Common Fibular Nerve divides into what?

A

Superficial and Deep Fibular nerves

52
Q

Common Fibular Nerve Deficit leads to what?

A

Slapping gait

Foot drop

*MSK (25 decks)

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