Peripheral & CNS Degeneration & Regeneration Flashcards
What is the mechanism of TGF-B in neuronal degeneration and regeneration?
Neuroprotective
What is transsynaptic (transneuronal) degeneration?
Degeneration of a neuron that either synapses upon or receives a synaptic signal
Blockage of this receptor in the CNS promotes neuronal regeneration and plasticity in uninjured neurons.
Nogo-66 Receptor
What are the primary functions of microfilaments, neurofilaments, and microtubules in neurons?
Microfilaments and microtubules are involved with neuronal function. Neurofilaments are more involved with structural support for the neuron.
What is the function of Chondroitin Sulfate in neuronal regeneration and plasticity?
Chondroitin sulfate is produced by glial cells and supports the growth and development of new neurons. When surrounding mature neurons, however, chondroitin sulfate prevents regeneration and plasticity
Where can Nissl bodies be found in the nervous system?
Within the soma and dendrites of neurons. Nissl is absent from the axon hillock and axon
What is chronic axotomy?
Prolonged periods in which injured neurons remain without targets during axonal regeneration
What is a neuroma?
Accumulation of axonal endings unconnected to another neuron
This cytokine acts on neurons and glia to mediate ischemic, excitotoxic, and traumatic brain injury.
IL-1
Stress, glucocorticoids, and granule cell stimulation have what effect on neurogenesis?
Inhibit neurogenesis
What is excitotoxic degeneration?
Degeneration of neurons due to overexposure to excitatory signals
What is chronic denervation?
A distal nerve stump is maintained by Schwann Cells, but is not reconnected to the proximal nerve
Nissl substance is important for protein maintenance and neuronal processes. What types of neurons have a higher density of Nissl substance?
Motor neurons - require more proteins for functioning
What is the most abundant Insulin-Like growth factor in the CNS?
IGF-2 found in highly myelinated tracks of the CNS
What is the function of neurotrophins?
Stimulate proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration of mature oligodendryocytes