Neuropathology of Aging Flashcards
True/False. Dementia is a temporary, acute process, whereas delirium is progressive and permanent.
False. Dementia is progressive and permanent. Delirium is an acute process that is reversible, if treated early.
What is the second most common cause of dementia in developed nations?
Vascular dementia
Familial Alzheimer’s disease has been linked to mutations of what genes?
beta-APP gene and presenilin genes
“Ballon cells” are associated with what type of dementia?
Frontotemporal dementia
What are neurotic senile plaques?
Seen in Alzherimer’s disease - plaques made of primarily beta-amyloid protein
True/False. Trisomy 21 is associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
True - due to mutation of beta-APP gene on chromosome 21
What are the most common causes of reversible dementia?
Depression, alcohol dependence, normal pressure hydrocephalus
This form of dementia is due to widespread, microscopic damage to deep layers of white matter.
Subcortical vascular dementia/ Binswanger’s disease
What pathological finding is characteristic of Alzheimer’s and can be used to differentiate from vascular dementia?
Amyloid angiopathy
Visual hallucinations are very associated with what type of dementia?
Lewy Body dementia
What brain structures are most targeted in Alzheimer’s disease?
Hippocampus, Amygdala
This type of dementia is associated with mutations on chromosome 17 and brain atrophy.
Frontotemporal dementia - often misdiagnosed as a psychiatric condition
What is leukoaraiosis?
Abnormal appearance of white matter around the lateral ventricles
True/False. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause neuropsychiatric conditions.
True - due to accumulation of methylmalonic acid
This disease is a form of hereditary multi-infarct dementia.
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Angiopathy Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)