Neuropathology of Aging Flashcards

1
Q

True/False. Dementia is a temporary, acute process, whereas delirium is progressive and permanent.

A

False. Dementia is progressive and permanent. Delirium is an acute process that is reversible, if treated early.

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2
Q

What is the second most common cause of dementia in developed nations?

A

Vascular dementia

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3
Q

Familial Alzheimer’s disease has been linked to mutations of what genes?

A

beta-APP gene and presenilin genes

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4
Q

“Ballon cells” are associated with what type of dementia?

A

Frontotemporal dementia

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5
Q

What are neurotic senile plaques?

A

Seen in Alzherimer’s disease - plaques made of primarily beta-amyloid protein

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6
Q

True/False. Trisomy 21 is associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

A

True - due to mutation of beta-APP gene on chromosome 21

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7
Q

What are the most common causes of reversible dementia?

A

Depression, alcohol dependence, normal pressure hydrocephalus

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8
Q

This form of dementia is due to widespread, microscopic damage to deep layers of white matter.

A

Subcortical vascular dementia/ Binswanger’s disease

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9
Q

What pathological finding is characteristic of Alzheimer’s and can be used to differentiate from vascular dementia?

A

Amyloid angiopathy

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10
Q

Visual hallucinations are very associated with what type of dementia?

A

Lewy Body dementia

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11
Q

What brain structures are most targeted in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Hippocampus, Amygdala

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12
Q

This type of dementia is associated with mutations on chromosome 17 and brain atrophy.

A

Frontotemporal dementia - often misdiagnosed as a psychiatric condition

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13
Q

What is leukoaraiosis?

A

Abnormal appearance of white matter around the lateral ventricles

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14
Q

True/False. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause neuropsychiatric conditions.

A

True - due to accumulation of methylmalonic acid

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15
Q

This disease is a form of hereditary multi-infarct dementia.

A

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Angiopathy Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)

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16
Q

Gait abnormalities, dementia, and incontinence may be associated with what life-threatening condition?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

17
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia in developed nations?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

18
Q

The presence of this allele variant is most associated with Alzheimer’s development.

A

ApoE-E4 - mediates uptake of cholesterol and triglycerides