Clinical Approach to Cognitive Change Flashcards
How do minor and major neurocognitive impairments differ?
With minor neurocognitive impairment, the patient is cognitively impaired but able to accomplish activities of daily living independently. Major impairment interferes with independence.
Pick bodies are associated with what type of dementia?
Frontotemporal dementia
Frontotemporal dementia may be confused with other types of dementia. How can it be differentiated?
Early deterioration in personality, with preservation of visuospatial skills
What type of medication has a black box warning for patients with dementia?
Antipsychotics to treat hallucinations, delusions, and aggression associated with their disease
How does Lewy Body dementia differ from dementia caused by Parkinson’s disease?
Lewy Body dementia begins with cognitive impairment that later leads to motor issues. Parkinson’s begins with motor issues and cognitive impairment may later develop
True/False. Delirium is a medical emergency.
True - must identify cause and address
What are hallmark symptoms of delirium?
Reduced consciousness, poor cognition and attention, abnormal activity, altered sleep, hallucinations
What is terminal delirium?
Delirium during the final 24-48 hours of life - may be treated with ketamine
True/False. A patient with delirium may be described as having “waxing and waning of behaviors and consciousness”
True
What is the recommended treatment for delirium?
Address the cause, hydrate, reorient, keep awake (do not sedate)