Clinical Approach to Cognitive Change Flashcards

1
Q

How do minor and major neurocognitive impairments differ?

A

With minor neurocognitive impairment, the patient is cognitively impaired but able to accomplish activities of daily living independently. Major impairment interferes with independence.

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2
Q

Pick bodies are associated with what type of dementia?

A

Frontotemporal dementia

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3
Q

Frontotemporal dementia may be confused with other types of dementia. How can it be differentiated?

A

Early deterioration in personality, with preservation of visuospatial skills

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4
Q

What type of medication has a black box warning for patients with dementia?

A

Antipsychotics to treat hallucinations, delusions, and aggression associated with their disease

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5
Q

How does Lewy Body dementia differ from dementia caused by Parkinson’s disease?

A

Lewy Body dementia begins with cognitive impairment that later leads to motor issues. Parkinson’s begins with motor issues and cognitive impairment may later develop

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6
Q

True/False. Delirium is a medical emergency.

A

True - must identify cause and address

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7
Q

What are hallmark symptoms of delirium?

A

Reduced consciousness, poor cognition and attention, abnormal activity, altered sleep, hallucinations

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8
Q

What is terminal delirium?

A

Delirium during the final 24-48 hours of life - may be treated with ketamine

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9
Q

True/False. A patient with delirium may be described as having “waxing and waning of behaviors and consciousness”

A

True

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10
Q

What is the recommended treatment for delirium?

A

Address the cause, hydrate, reorient, keep awake (do not sedate)

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