Pathology of Hemorrhagic Diseases of the CNS

Question 1

This disease is due to grossly enlarged arteries and veins due to fibromuscular thickening. Symptoms such as, headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits may appear before hemorrhage.

Answer 1

Atreriovenous malformation

Question 2

This type of aneurysm is caused by a congenital defect at branch sites, often at the Circle of Willis. It has a higher incidence in patients with polycystic kidney disease, Ehlers-Danlos, and Marfan Syndrome.

Answer 2

Berry Aneurysm

Question 3

Ruptured cerebral aneurysms most commonly present where?

Answer 3

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

What is Duret’s hemorrhage?

Answer 4

Inflammation, edema, and herniation of the cerebellum causing secondary hemorrhage in the pons

Question 5

What are some potential causes of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 5

Hypertension, vasculature malformation, amyloid angiography, drug use

Question 6

What is a slit hemorrhage?

Answer 6

Rupture of small vessels that produce a slit-like cavity surrounded by liquid

Question 7

What brain structures are most at risk for hypertensive hemorrhage?

Answer 7

Putamen, thalamus, cerebellum, pons, lobar white matter

Question 8

What sinus is most often indicated in dural sinus thrombosis?

Answer 8

Superior sagittal sinus

Question 9

Cavities called lacunar infarcts, slit hemorrhages, and encephalopathy are most associated with what nontraumatic cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 9

Systemic hypertension

Question 10

Thrombosis of this sinus often has infectious etiology.

Answer 10

Cavernous sius