Cerebral Pathways & Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Paying no attention to one side of the body is termed…?

A

Hemispatial neglect

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2
Q

Vision, perception, and memory are associated with what brain hemisphere?

A

Generally, right hemisphere

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3
Q

Language and language-dependent memory are associated with what brain hemisphere?

A

Left hemisphere for most people

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4
Q

True/False. An acute MCA stroke involving a hemisphere may demonstrate hemispheric neglect of the contralateral side.

A

True. But this is usually transient and resolves in 2-3 weeks

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5
Q

Expressive aphasia is due to damage to what area of the brain?

A

Broca’s region in the inferior frontal gyrus. The person can comprehend and interpret language, but cannot produce speech

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6
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s region in the superior temporal gyrus causes what disorder?

A

Receptive aphasia - the person can produce language, but has difficulty finding the right words

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7
Q

Extensive damage to the brain that causes loss of language comprehension and expression is termed?

A

Global aphasia

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8
Q

What is it called when a patient can comprehend and produce speech, but cannot use the correct names for people, objects, etc.?

A

Anomic or amnesia aphasia

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9
Q

The arcuate fasciculus connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Damage here causes what disorder?

A

Conduction aphasia - the inability to repeat words or phrases

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10
Q

What structure allows the nondominant hemisphere to participate in language?

A

Corpus callosum

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11
Q

What symptoms are associated with an upper motor neuron deficit?

A

Spastic weakness, no muscle atrophy, hyperreflexia, babinski’s sign

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12
Q

What symptoms are associated with a lower motor neuron deficit?

A

Flaccid weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, hyporeflexia, absent babinski’s reflex

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13
Q

Weakness and aphasia are most associated with a (cortical/subcortical) lesion.

A

Cortical lesion

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14
Q

Motor functioning for the legs are spared in this type of brain lesion.

A

Cortical lesion

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15
Q

What vision deficits are present with a cortical lesion?

A

None, unless the occipital lobe is directly involved. Subcortical lesions include visual deficits

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16
Q

Numbness is most associated with (cortical/subcortical) lesions.

A

Subcortical - with cortical lesions, patients maintain sensory and pain/temp function but have impaired higher processing

17
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome is due to a lesion where in the brain?

A

Angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobe of the dominant hemisphere

18
Q

What four specific neurological deficits are associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome?

A

Inability to write, loss of ability to do math, inability to identify one’s fingers, inability to differentiate between right and left side of the body

19
Q

Bilateral superior homonymous quadrantanopia is due to damage to what eye structure?

A

Meyer’s loop located in the deep temporal region

20
Q

Damage to the deep parietal lobe may result in what vision deficit?

A

Bilateral inferior homonymous quadrantanopia

21
Q

The presence of new dysconjugate gaze or binocular diplopia may indicate a problem where in the brain?

A

Posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellum)

22
Q

True/False. Binocular diplopia is caused by dysconjugate gaze and resolves by covering one eye.

A

True - the posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellum) should be checked for a possible lesion

23
Q

Weakness and diplopia may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

24
Q

Weakness, swallowing difficulty, and absent gag reflex may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?

A

Medulla

25
Q

Weakness and numbness of the face may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?

A

Pons

26
Q

What is ataxic dysarthria?

A

Normal language content and comprehension, but tone goes up and down when talking

27
Q

Hyperextension of the cervical spine is most associated with what spinal syndrome?

A

Central spinal syndrome