Pathology of Ischemic Disease of the CNS Flashcards
Strangulation with an object is termed…?
Ligature strangulation
What are the different types of asphyxiation?
Suffocation, strangulation, chemical asphyxiation
What artery is most prone to an embolic infarct?
Middle cerebral artery
What changes may be seen in the subacute phase of ischemia?
Macrophage infiltration and reactive gliosis
Pink discoloration of the skin and burns of the gastric mucosa are indicative of poisoning by what chemical?
Hydrogen cyanide - compete with ferric ion of cytochrome oxidase
True/False. Embolic strokes are more common than thrombotic strokes.
True. They often originate from cardiac mural thrombi
This type of stroke is often due to hypertension and leads to cavity formation in the basal ganglia.
Lacunar strokes
How can positional and traumatic asphyxia be differentiated physically?
Both cause congestion and petechiae, Only positional asphyxia causes cyanosis
CNS ischemia can be attributed to at least one of four factors. What are they?
- Impaired O2 carring capacity
- Inhibition of O2 (ex: CO poisoning)
- Low PO2
- Decrease perfusion or blocked vessels
A patient is determined to be in the early stage of ischemia. What microscopic changes may be evident?
Shrink and breaking down of the cell nucleus, inflammation due to neutrophil infiltration
Cessation of blood flow to a specific area of the brain is termed what type of ischemia?
Focal ischemia
This type of asphyxiation is due to mechanical obstruction or occlusion of the external airway.
Strangulation - usually homicidal or suicidal in nature
What is the difference in morphological appearance of a thrombotic vs. embolic stroke?
Thrombotic strokes are termed “white strokes” and present with pale areas in the brain. Embolic strokes are “red or hemorrhagic strokes”
This type of asphyxiation is due to mechanical obstruction or occlusion of the internal airway.
Choking
How may the brain appear if it experiences global ischemia?
Cerebral edema, widened gyri, narrow sulci, possible herniation