PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD) Flashcards
it is the narrowing or blockage of vessels in the extremities that carry blood from the heart to the legs; lower extremities are commonly affected.
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD)
Having PAD puts a person 2 to 6 times greater risk of dying of a
Heart Attack of Brain Attack due to blockage of lipids in the arteries.
is a common underlying cause of PAD
Atherosclerosis
EXPLAIN
→ Diabetes Mellitus
Glucose is not absorbed due to lack of insulin making the blood viscous and can affect the circulation.
It involves the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to narrowing and reduced blood flow to the extremities.
Atherosclerosis
RISK FACTORS
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Smoking
High Homocystine Levels
EXPLAIN
→ Cigarette Smoking
The nicotine causes vasoconstriction which narrows the artery resulting to increase blood pressure and reduce blood flow to the extremities.
EXPLAIN
→ High Homocystine Levels (meat)
It is a sulfur containing amino acid that is synthesize during protein breakdown.
➢ makes the blood viscous
➢ can cause adhesiveness of the platelets leading to clot formation
➢ enhances the LDL to be deposited in the arteries
➢ causes low flexibility (dilation and constriction) of the blood vessels
———————————————-
common to meat eaters
- makes blood viscous
- sulfur contain uric acid
- protein breakdown ___
++ egg, chicken, beef, cheddar cheese
- if have high homocysteine level causes stickiness of platelets that leads to clot formation that goes to the brain and lungs
- if have high meat intake, and high homocysteine
– enhance LDL
— bad cholesterol to arteries - causes loss of flexibility of blood vessels
–vascular motor tone
– must be able to dilate and constrict
– if have high, promote clotting
lack of adequate blood supply can
damage or destroy nerve endings
PVD interferes with Arterial Blood Flow to the lower extremities, risk for (3):
→ Neuropathy and Paresthesia
→ Ulcers that do not heal, Necrosis, Gangrene
→ Amputation
It is a sudden pain, tingling sensation,
usually only one leg is involved
one of the clinical manifestation of PAD
Intermittent Claudication
Example of Intermittent Claudication
The patient is walking, and
after 30 minutes, he feels pain, which is
relieved when resting
blood vessel affected in PAD
Artery
most common symptoms of PAD
Intermittent Claudication
how can resting relieved pain after walking
Engaging in activities increases the metabolism of cells, demanding more blood. However, due to the obstruction of arteries, less oxygenated blood is circulated. Consequently, aerobic metabolism shifts to anaerobic metabolism. As a result, the tissues produce lactic acid, which irritates the nerve endings and causes pain.