ASTHMA Flashcards
It is a familial disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation
Asthma
How can obstruction of bronchi happen?
Smoking, dust, pollen, or perfume can irritate the goblet cells causing an increase production of mucus, and this can cause obstruction of the
bronchi.
THREE MECHANISMS that can lead to difficulty in breathing (asthma):
- increase mucous that produced by goblet cells
- bronchoconstriction
- inflammation of bronchus
→ When all three of these factors are present, they may lead to _______.
→ Irritants can cause an increased secretion of mucus by the goblet cells, which can lead to the obstruction of the bronchi.
→ Less oxygen due to obstruction of the mucus causes the smooth muscles to contract leading to bronchoconstriction which further narrows the lumen.
→ Asthma, being an inflammatory disease, can lead to edema, which narrows the bronchi.
atelectasis
❖ During an asthma attack, the muscles surround the bronchioles _____,causing a _____ of the bronchiole.
→ The lungs then respond with the production of _____ that further _____ the lumen.
constrict - narrowing
secretions - narrow
❖ EXAMPLE OF IRRITANTS OF ASTHMA
Perfume, smoking, dust, pollen, hairs (animals), volcanic smog, seafoods, bagoong, tahong, oyster, detergents, & chocolates
❖ CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
→ Three most common symptoms are cough, dyspnea, and wheezing.
→ Others are tachycardia, tachypnea, productive cough, orthopnea, chest pain, pallor to cyanosis (lips, nails), fever.
→ Diminished breath sounds are a bad sign because these are an indication of severe obstruction and impending respiratory failure
TO KNOW ONLY
Asthma Explain when goblet cells irritated
Goblet cells irritated -> Smooth muscles constrict (Bronchoconstriction) -> Production of mucoid secretions -> Inflammation -> Release of histamine -> Increase capillary permeability -> albumin goes out -> edema -> there will be airway obstruction -> Atelectasis -> alveoli collapse -> ventilation/perfusion mismatch (V/Q Mismatch) -> blood that will enter the lungs will be less oxygenated
to know if plenty of mucous:
assessment
abnormal breath sound:
whale, bronchi, wheeze
wheeze:
bronchoconstriction
no sound/diminished breath = tachycardia/tachypnea:
asthma
Diminish breath sounds are indication of ___ and ____
severe obstructions and impending respiratory failure
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
if do not have money -
and explain
increase fluid intake
increasing F.I. thins the mucous for patient to easily expectorate it
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
if have money -
EXPECTORANT
if patient can’t breathe -
position
semi fowlers