FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYES Flashcards
is a mixture of solvent and solutes
Solution
dissolving medium
Solvent
are the substances that are being
dissolved.
Solutes
❖ BLOOD COMPOSITION
→ _____ (55%) is the liquid component of blood and is composed of:
▪ Water (92%), Proteins, Electrolytes, Hormones, Gases, & Waste Products.
▪ Adults is made up of 6L of plasma.
Plasma
❖ BLOOD COMPOSITION
→ _____ (<1% of total blood)
▪ A thin-whitish layer that appears between the plasma and red blood cells.
▪ Used to diagnose conditions such as infections, autoimmune disorders, and blood disorders.
▪ A mix of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and platelets.
Buffy Coat
❖ BLOOD COMPOSITION
→ _____ (45%) are cellular components suspended in the plasma. These are:
▪ Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, & Thrombocytes.
▪ Adults is made up of 3L of formed elements.
Formed Elements
▪ fluid in the cells
→ Intracellular Space (40% cytoplasm; 28L)
▪ fluid outside the cells
→ Extracellular Space (20%)
✓ fluid within the blood vessels
➢ Intravascular (5% - 3L)
✓ fluid that surrounds the cell
Interstitial
can occur if too much fluid moves from ICF to ECF.
Cellular Dehydration
smallest division and contains approx. 1L in an adult
Refers to spaces where fluids usually don’t easily move in and out.
Transcellular Space
refers to a situation where urine output decreases, despite adequate fluid intake. This happens because fluids move from the intravascular space into the third spaces. As a result, the kidneys get less blood to filter, and they respond by reducing urine output to maintain homeostasis.
Third Space Fluid Shift
can occur if too much fluid moves from ECF to ICF.
Cell Swelling
are important for maintaining fluid balance, contributing to acid-base regulation, facilitating enzyme reactions, and transmitting neuromuscular reactions.
ELECTROLYTES
→ This is the movement of water from low concentration to high concentration; the process continues until the concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane.
❖ OSMOSIS
❖ OSMOLALITY
❖ OSMOLARITY
❖ OSMOSIS
→ It is the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent (mOsm/kg).
→ The term osmolality is used more often than osmolarity to evaluate serum and urine.
❖ OSMOSIS
❖ OSMOLALITY
❖ OSMOLARITY
❖ OSMOLALITY
→ It is the number of milliosmoles per liter of solution; expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L); describes the concentration of solutes or dissolved particles.
❖ OSMOSIS
❖ OSMOLALITY
❖ OSMOLARITY
❖ OSMOLARITY
▪ It’s the force that pushes fluids, like blood, through blood vessels.
▪ It pushes fluid out of the capillary toward the ICF
→ Hydrostatic (Hydraulic) Pressure
▪ It is like a “sucking” force created by solutes.
▪ It is a pressure that draws water into areas with more solutes.
▪ It pulls the fluid from the ICF into the capillary
→ Osmotic Pressure