Perioperative 3d transoesophageal echocardiography

Question 1

Limitations to adequate TOE images

Answer 1

Patient cooperation with minimal movement
Sinus rhythm
RR 12-20
Operator inexperience

Question 2

Advantages of TOE

Answer 2

• Good for detail of valves
• Can be used in cardiac surgery with open chest
• Assess procedure results following valve replacement
• Ensures de-airing of ventricles after open heart surgery
• Good for imaging the lt atrial appendage