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BDS2 BAMS oral biology > periodontium > Flashcards

periodontium Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the periodontium?

A

retain tooth in socket
resist masticatory loads
defensive barrier, protecting tissues against threats from the oral environment

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2
Q

why is the periodontium a unique situation?

A

it is the only breach in the body’s surface

junctional epithelium is physical barrier separating body tissues from oral environment

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3
Q

what are the periodontal tissues?

A

cementum
gingiva
alveolar bone
periodontal ligament

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4
Q

what does cementum cover?

A

root dentine

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5
Q

what components make cementum similar in structure to bone?

A

collagen matrix

lamellar arrangement

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6
Q

what does cementum provide attachment for?

A

some periodontal fibres

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of periodontal fibres?

A

cellular cementum

acellular cementum

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8
Q

what is cementum laid down by?

A

cementocytes

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9
Q

describe acellular cementum

A

no cells
adjacent to dentine
first formed (primary)

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10
Q

describe cellular cementum

A

cementocytes
apical part of root and furcation regions
later formed (secondary)

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11
Q

describe acellular extrinsic fibre cementum

A

collagen fibres from pdl
-attach and cross cementum
present on cervical 2/3 of root
responsible for tooth attachment

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12
Q

describe cellular, intrinsic fibre cementum

A

no sharpey’s fibres
intrinsic collagen fibres parallel to surface
no role in tooth attachment

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13
Q

what is the function of alveolar bone?

A

provides attachment for pdl fibres

supports the teeth

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14
Q

describe the anatomy of alveolar bone

A

similar to bone elsewhere in body
cortical plate forms inner lining of tooth socket
penetrated by nutrient canals
inner cancellous bone containing marrow

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15
Q

what happens to alveolar bone when teeth are lost?

A

alveolar process is resorbed, leaving a residual ridge

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16
Q

what kind of tissue is the pdl?

A

a connective tissue

17
Q

what does the pdl contain?

A 
cells 
extracellular matrix
fibres
nerves
b.v
18
Q

what cells are in the pdl?

A 
fibroblasts
cementoblasts
osteoclasts
cementoclasts
eptithelial cells
-debris of malassez
defence cells
19
Q

what are the components of the extracellular matrix

A 
hyaluronate GAGs
glycoproteins
-fibronectin
proteoglycans
-proteodermatan sulphate
-chondroitin/dermatan SO4 hybrid
20
Q

what are the functions of sensory nerves in the pdl?

A 
mechanoreceptors
-rapid/slowly adaptin
-proprioception-chewing control
nociceptors
-protective reflexes
-inhibit jaw elevator motor neurons
21
Q

what is the function of autonomic nerves?

A

b. v control

- vasoconstriction

22
Q

what is the blood supply to pdl?

A

from inferior and superior alveolar arteries, passing into pdl from alveolar bone

23
Q

what is the blood supply to gingivae?

A

from lingual and palatine arteries

24
Q

what are the 2 periodontal fibres?

A

true pdl
-fibres connecting tooth to bone at or apical to alveolar crest
gingival ligament
-fibres mainly above alveolar crest

25
Q

what are the 2 types of fibres in the pdl?

A 
collagen
-principal fibres
-true pdl
-support tooth;load-bearing
oxytalan
26
Q

what fibres groups are in the alveolo-dental ligament?

A 
alveolar crest
horizontal
oblique
apical
interradicular
27
Q

what fibre group is in the interdental ligament?

A

transseptal

28
Q

what is the function of the gingival fibre group?

A

support free gingivae

29
Q

where is the gingival fibre group present?

A

lamina proria in marginal gingiva

  • dento-gingival
  • alveolo-gingival
  • dento-periosteal
  • circular
30
Q

what is the enamel cuticle?

A

decalcified demineralized section

enamel gone but protein coating remains

31
Q

what is the crevicular epithelium?

A

covers sulcus

not attached to enamel

32
Q

what is the junctional epithelium attached to?

A

tooth

33
Q

why is the attachment of epithelium to enamel very delicate?

A

desmosomes organise the attachment

34
Q

what is an interdental col?

A

tooth removed

tissue has no keratinisation

35
Q

what intrusive forces is the pdl subjected to?

A 
mastication
swallowing
speech
parafunction
-eg clenching, grinding
36
Q

what extrusive and horizontal forces can teeth be subjected to?

A

sticky food

orthodontic forces

BDS2 BAMS oral biology (12 decks)

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