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BDS2 BAMS oral biology > Dental development > Flashcards

Dental development Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 primary embryonic layers that all body tissues develop from?

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

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2
Q

what of the 3 embryonic layers does tooth enamel derive from?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

what do teeth develop from?

A

tooth germs

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4
Q

what is ectomesenchyme?

A

part of the neural crest that develops beside the primitive nervous system (ectoderm)

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5
Q

what do all parts of teeth and supporting structures except enamel derive from?

A

ectomesenchyme

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6
Q

what is the neural crest/ectomesenchyme?

A

a 4th cell type that forms between the ectoderm and neural tube

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7
Q

what is mandibulofacial dysostosis?

A

failure of ectomesenchymal cells to migrate
increased pupillary distance
ears malformed and lower position

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8
Q

what is involved in tooth initiation?

A

primary epithelial band

dental lamina

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9
Q

how does tooth initiation begin in a 5-6 w/o embryo?

A

2 mandibular process come together
stomadaeum-embryonic mouth
2 maxillary process seam with fronto-nasal process

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10
Q

what is a primary epithelial band?

A

change in epithelium
approx 6 weeks
thickening in epithelium of embryonic mouth

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11
Q

how does epithelium -> band -> dental lamina

A

period of cell proliferation

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12
Q

describe the dental lamina?

A

approx 7 wks
PEB grown into jaw and divided by apoptosis
vestibular lamina breaks down to form buccal sulcus
dental lamina goes on to develop enamel organ

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13
Q

what are the components of morphogenesis?

A

bud
cap
of enamel organ

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14
Q

describe the bud stage

A

8-10 wks
lamina thickens into a bud stage enamel organ
ectomesenchymal condensation appears - later aggregated to form dental papilla

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15
Q

describe the cap stage

A 
11 wks
enamel organ forms cap over papilla
cap contains:
external enamel epithelium
internal enamel epithelium
-meet at cervical loop
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16
Q

what is hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

A

absence of some teeth

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17
Q

what is severe hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

A

absence of hair and teeth

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18
Q

how can a genetic disorder be reversed?

A

gene therapy

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19
Q

what is included in cytodifferentiation?

A 
cells function differentiates
-ameloblast/odontoblast
bell stage
crown pattern formation
permanent tooth germ
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20
Q

describe the bell stage

A 
14 wks
bell stage enamel organ
tooth has shape and form
more cell layers differentiated
tooth shape is being defined
21
Q

what are the 4 cell layers in bell stage?

A 
internal enamel epithelium
external enamel epithelium
stratum intermedium
-shape of tooth
stellate reticulum
-organised to hold energy material - sugars necessary to work & develop enamel matrix
22
Q

describe the crown pattern formation

A

differentiation doesn’t occur all over enamel wall
apical differentiation begins and trickles down cervically
matrix follows differentiation

23
Q

describe the permanent tooth germ

A

12 wks
extension appears on lingual side of dental lamina
dental lamina for permanent successor
at 16 wks 1st permanent molar germ develops as a backwards extension of dental lamina

24
Q

what is included in matrix secretion?

A 
late bell stage
dentinogenesis
enamel formation
ameloblast differentiation
amelogenesis
25
Q

describe the late bell stage

A

18 wks
crown shape well defined
apposition of enamel and dentine begins

26
Q

how is enamel and dentine formed?

A

dental papilla cells adjacent to IEE differentiate into odontoblasts
odontoblasts lay down dentine matrix, which is later mineralised
once dentine formation has begun, IEE cells differentiate into ameloblasts which form enamel

27
Q

describe dentinogenesis

A

odontoblast differentiation from IEE
deposition of dentine matrix (mainly collagen)
this unmineralised dentine=predentine
mineralisation of dentine (HA)

28
Q

describe enamel formation

A

protein matrix deposited (30%) mineralised

once framework established, organic part removed and mineralisation is complete (96%)

29
Q

what are the stages of ameloblast differentiation?

A 
differentiation
secretion
maturation
regression
-later becomes junctional epithelium
30
Q

what are the stages of ameloblast differentiation?

A
  1. mophogenic
  2. histodifferentiation
  3. secretory-initial
  4. secretory- tomes process
  5. maturative- ruffle ended
  6. maturative- smooth
  7. protective
31
Q

describe ameloblast differentiation

A

dentine induces IEE cells to differentiate into ameloblasts
elongate, becoming columnar
nucleus migrates to basal end of the cell

32
Q

describe the secretory phase of amelogenesis

A

ameloblasts become secretory cells
synthesise and secrete enamel matrix proteins (amelogenins)
matrix partially mineralised (30%)

33
Q

describe the maturation phase of amelogenesis?

A

most of matrix proteins removed
mineral content of enamel increased
mature enamel 95% mineral

34
Q

describe the protection phase of amelogenesis

A

ameloblasts regress to form a protective layer- reduced enamel epithelium
involved in eruption
formation of epithelial attachment

35
Q

what is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

autosomal recessive hypoplastic hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta
matrix metallopeptidase 20 gene
long arm or chromosome 11
provides instructions for making enamelysin
enamelysis cleaves other proteins into smaller pieces
enamel dull not shiny/smooth
low mineralisation

36
Q

how does root formation shape the crown?

A

enamel organ maps out shape of crown
EEE & IEE meet at cervical loop
migration of the cervical loop maps crown shape

37
Q

what is hertwig’s epithelial root sheath?

A

2 cell layered structure
used to be cervical loop
defines root shape by apical growth

38
Q

describe the process of root formation

A

HERS induces formation of root dentine
once initial layer dentine formed, HERS breaks up
-no enamel in root
debris of malassez remain which may develop into a cyst
mesenchymal cells from the follicle contract the dentine, and differentiate into cementoblasts
-form cementum
fibres from developing PDL embedded in cementum (sharpey’s)

39
Q

what does the dental follicle surround? (tooth germ)

A

enamel organ

dental papilla

40
Q

what can developmental abnormalities affect?

A 
number
shape 
size
structure
eruption
41
Q

when can developmental abnormalities occur?

A

prenatal
postnatal
inherited
acquired

42
Q

what is gemination?

A

one tooth splits into 2

43
Q

what is fusion?

A

2 teeth fuse during development

44
Q

what is concrescence?

A

teeth together by cementum

45
Q

what type of tissue is enamel organ?

A

epithelium

46
Q

what type of tissue is dental papilla and follicle?

A

ectomesencyme

47
Q

what is the product of enamel organ?

A

enamel

48
Q

what are the products of dental papilla?

A

dentine, pulp

49
Q

what are the products of dental follicle?

A

cementum, PDL, alveolar bone

BDS2 BAMS oral biology (12 decks)

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