oral functions 2: sensory and motor systems and senses

Question 1

which sensory nerves are involved in innervating the lower molars?

Answer 1

mandibular branch of CNV
inferior alveolar
-mental nerve

Question 2

what is paraesthesia?

Answer 2

abnormal sensation, typically tingling or prickling

Question 3

what is dysaethesia?

Answer 3

an abnormal unpleasant sensation felt when touched

caused by damage to peripheral nerves

Question 4

what is a gag reflex evoked by?

Answer 4

mechanical stimulation of fauces, palate, posterior tongue, pharynx

Question 5

which nerves are involved in the gag reflex?

Answer 5

efferent (motor) response from V, IX-glossopharyngeal , XI - accessory, XII - hypoglossal
visceral nerves of salivary glands also stimulated

Question 6

how can you manage gag reflex in an rpd patient?

Answer 6

posterior upper rpd constructed with retaining mesh attached to acrylic
magnets for attachment

Question 7

what can cause bells palsy?

Answer 7

infections
otitis media
diabetes
trauma
toxins
IDB

Question 8

which muscles help control food bolus and prevent spillage?

Answer 8

orbicularis oris

buccinator

Question 9

how can IDB cause bell’s palsy?

Answer 9

when injection is given far too distally and parotid gland is penetrated
-LA diffuses through loose glandular tissue then affects all 5 terminal branches of facial nerve

Question 10

how does bell’s palsy present?

Answer 10

inability to close eye or blink, inability to raise corner of mouth or puff cheeks

Question 11

how should you treat a patient with bell’s palsy?

Answer 11

inform, reassure temporary
cover eye with loose pad so cornea protected- no blink
recovers quickly eg 1 hour

Question 12

what do periodontal mechanoreceptors allow?

Answer 12

assess the direction of forces applied to teeth
-mastication
-salivation
-interdental discrimination
finer discrimination of food texture, tooth contacts and levels of functional loading

Question 13

what does the loss of periodontal mechanoreception influence?

Answer 13

control of jaw function
precision of magnitude
direction
rate of occlusal load application

Question 14

what is interdental discrimination

Answer 14

ability to gauge extent of mouth opening
coordination of masticatory movements
monitoring size of food particles
detection of high spots
foil thresholds 8-60microm

Question 15

what is shimstock?

Answer 15

metal foil for occlusal testing
-articulating paper
8 microns thick

Question 16

which disorders can cause/lead to food getting stuck in esophagus?

Answer 16

stroke
brain injury
multiple sclerosis
GERD
tumours

Question 17

how can you detect a stroke?

Answer 17

comparing sensorial and motor responses from both sides of face and oropharynx

Question 18

what are nociceptors?

Answer 18

respond to intense (noxious) stimuli, usually associated with pain
in
-pulp
-muscles
-joints
-mucosa