Periodontics Flashcards
Systemic conditions linked to periodontal disease
Cardiovascular disease Preterm low birth weight Respiratory diseases Diabetes Stroke
What is cardiovascular disease?
When bacteria spread into the bloodstream, attached to fatty plaques in the arteries
What is preterm low birth weight and why is it a risk factor for women with periodontal disease?
A birthweight less than 5 1/2 pounds and under 37 weeks.
If the mother has periodontal disease the risk of preterm low birth weight is seven times. Bio chemicals of the disease may produce a hormone that causes early uterine contraction
What is the relation ship of Periodontal disease and respiratory diseases?
Bacteria that colonize the mouth may alter the respiratory epithelium, leaving it more susceptible to disease
Other risk factors for periodontal disease
 smoking  diabetes Poor oral health HIV/AIDS Stress Medication
What are the two basic forms of Perio disease?
Gingivitis and periodontitis
What is gingivitis? Can it be treated?
Inflammation of the gingival tissue
Is reversible and easy to treat, no bone loss or recession associated can be caused by various factors including birth control, puberty and pregnancy
What is periodontitis?
Inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth
As it progresses there is a distraction of the connective tissue attachment at the base of the pocket. It is not reversible
What is necrotizing periodontal disease?
NUG and NUP- necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis
Sudden onset, necrosis of the tips of the papilla with a punched outlook, lots of pain and bleeding
What is juvenile periodontitis
Onset is that puberty and bone loss is seen around the permanent first molars and/or incisors
What is Noma?
Rapidly progressive infection that occurs during periods of compromised immune function. Able to spread through anatomic barriers such as muscle
Risk factors include malnutrition, dehydration, poor oral hygiene, poor sanitation, unsafe drinking water, proximity to unkempt livestock, HIV etc
What is noma also known as?
Cancrum Oris or gangrenous stomatitis
What is included in the periodontal examination?
Medical and dental history Radiologic evaluation Examination of the teeth Examination of the oral tissues and supporting structures Periodontal charting
What are the specialized instruments used in periodontal therapy used for?
Removing calculus, smoothing route surfaces, measuring periodontal pockets and performing surgery
What are some non-surgical treatments for periodontal disease?
Dental prophylaxis Scaling and root planing Gingival curettage Locally delivered antibiotics Anti-microbial and antibiotic agents
What are some surgical periodontal treatments?
Gingivectomy to reduce the pocket depth by removing diseased tissue
Gingiva plasty to reshape and contour the gingival tissues
Incisional surgery or flap surgery where the tissue is pushed away from the bone so we may access the area for scaling and root planing
Osseous surgeries including osteoplasty, additive bone surgery and ostectomy
What are lasers used for in periodontics?
Removal of tumors and lesions
Vaporization of excess tissues
Removal of hyper plastic tissues
Controls bleeding
Advantages of lasers
Faster healing Controls bleeding Surgical field is relatively dry Reduce risk of blood-borne contamination Less trauma to adjacent tissues Reduced post surgical swelling, scarring and pain
What may be prescribed for a patient after periodontal surgery?
Chlorhexidine mouthwash
What is a Perio pac?
Serves as a bandage over the surgical site. Used to hold flaps in place, protector new tissues, minimize pain during eating and drinking and to support mobile teeth
Types of pac
Zinc oxide eugenol- May irritate tissue and delay healing
Non-eugenol dressing
Light cured dressings
