Dentifrice Glossary Terms Flashcards
Abrasive
A substance, such as silica, that is used for polishing or cleaning
Acidogenic
Some thing that produces acid, such as cariogenic bacteria
Anti-oxidant
A chemical compound or substance that inhibits oxidation
Astringency
A taste experience, often an aftertaste, that causes the mouth to pucker
Bioavailability
The degree to which a drug or substance is available to the target tissue following administration
Calculus- calcified plaque
A hard yellowish deposit on the teeth consisting of organic secretions and food particles deposited in various salts, such as calcium carbonate, Also called tartar
Caries
A bacterial infection that results in demineralization and ultimately the destruction of tooth minerals
Cavities
Cariogenic
Contributing to the production of caries
Cation
An ion with a positive charge
Chelate
Chemical compound that can form several non-covalent bonds to a single metal ion, sequestering it and preventing it from reacting with its surroundings
Covalent
In chemistry, a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms
Cytoplasmic
The cell substance located between the cell membrane in the nucleus of the cell
Demineralization
Chemical process by which tooth minerals are removed from the dental hard tissues: enamel, dentin and cementum
Process occurs through dissolution by acids or by chelation and the rate will vary due to the degree of supersaturation of the immediate environment of the tooth and presence or absence of fluoride
Dental erosion
Localized loss of dental hard tissue that is chemically edged away from The tooth surface by acids or chelating agents.
Can be referred to as acid erosion or erosive tooth where. Teeth exhibiting signs of erosion lose their surface texture, may appear yellow and have an altered shape
Dentinal hyper sensitivity
A short, sharp pain arising from exposed Dentin in response to stimuli which cannot be described to any other form of dental defect or pathology
These stimuli are typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical
Dissociation
A general process in which ionic compounds separate or split into smaller particles, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner
Enzyme
Pro Tien that catalyzes, or facilitates, bio chemical reactions
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Process indigestion and which macromolecules are split from food by the enzymatic addition of water
Epidemiological
Dealing with the incidents, distribution, and control of disease in a population
Extrinsic stain
Tooth stain on the exterior surface that can be removed through routine cleaning.
Generally composed of dietary chromogenic molecules and metal ions which become bound within the salivary pellicle layer that coats exposed tooth surfaces
Fluorosis
Abnormal condition caused by an excessive intake of fluorine during the development period of the permanent teeth
Mottling
Fluorohydroxyapatite
Crystal structure in tooth mineral resulting from the replacement of hydroxyl ions in the hydroxyapatite structure with fluoride ions
Fluorohydroxyapatite is stronger and more acid resistant than hydroxyapatite
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums that often manifests as bleeding during brushing and flossing; mildest form of periodontal disease that is reversible
Hydrolysis
Chemical reaction of a compound with water, generally resulting in the formation of one or more new compounds
Hydroxyapatite
Crystal structure that forms the majority of the mineral make up of tooth enamel and Dentin
Ions
Adams or molecules that Carrie either a positive or negative electrical charge in a solution. For example, sodium chloride in water dissociates into sodium and chlorine ions
Intrinsic stain
Staining caused by the presence of pigment within the enamel or dentin. Intrinsic stain can often be mediated through bleaching procedures
Meta-analysis
Statistical technique in which the results of two or more studies or mathematically combined in order to improve the reliability of the results
Studies chosen for inclusion must be sufficiently similar and a number of characteristics in order to accurately combine results
Oxidation
Interaction between oxygen molecules and all of the different substances they may contact
Plaque
Organized community of many different micro organisms that form itself into a bio film and found on the surface of the tongue and all hard surfaces in the oral cavity
Present in all people and can vary from being comprised of healthy microorganisms to being very harmful predisposing the patient dental caries or periodontal disease
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Important chemical compound in bio chemistry that is directly involved in glycolysis. It is also the primary source of energy for the Phosphotransferase system
Phosphotransferase system
Method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from Phosphoenolpyruvate
Prevalence
Percentage of the population that is affected with a particular disease at a given time
Remineralization
Chemical process by which tooth minerals are replaced into the dental hard tissues: enamel, dentin and cementum
Process requires an environment that includes supersaturation with calcium and phosphate ions
Supersaturation
Containing an amount of a substance greater than that required for saturation
Systemic
Pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole
Tartar- calcified plaque
Hard yellowish deposit on the teeth, consisting of organic secretions and food particles deposited in various salts such as calcium carbonate; also called calculus
