Periodic Table and ionic bonding Flashcards
The columns of the periodic table are called ……
Groups
What does group number tell you?
Number of electrons in the outer shell
The rows of the periodic table are called……
Period
What does the period tell you?
Number of shells
The outer shell of the most stable atoms is ……
Full of electrons
group 1 elements are very reactive as they try to lose an ……..
electron
An atom in group 7 has 7 electrons in its outer shell.
What will it try and do to become stable?
Gain an electron
What is the definition of an ionic bond?
The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
An atom which loses an electron becomes positively charged.
What are positively charged ions called?
Cations
ionic compounds have what type of structure?
Giant ionic lattice
List the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting and boiling points
Conduct electricity in liquid and gas form
What comes first in the formula for an ionic compound, the positive or negative ion?
The positive ion (the metal ion)
Elements are divided into metals and non metals.
What are the properties of metals?
Conduct heat Conduct electricity Malleable Ductile High melting point Dense Shiny Ductile Sonorous
What are the properties of non metals?
Low melting point Brittle Dull Poor conductors of heat Poor conductors of electricity
Where do non metals appear on the periodic table, the left or right side?
On the right side (remember the ladder)
What % of oxygen is in the air?
21%
What % of nitrogen is in the air?
78%
What laboratory reaction is used to make oxygen?
Hydrogen peroxide —> water + oxygen
managanse (IV) oxide as catalyst
What’s the test for oxygen?
Relights a glowing splint
Describe what magnesium looks like when it burns in oxygen?
Burns vigorously with a bright white light
When non metallic elements burn they form oxides which are acid or alkaline?
Acidic
When metallic elements burn, they form oxides which are acidic or alkaline?
Alkaline
Acid rain is caused by sulfur in fossil fuels being released to form which gas?
Sulfur dioxide
Sulphur dioxide mixes with moisture and oxygen in the air to form which acid?
Sulfuric acid (acid rain)
When engines burn fossil fuels, the high temp in the spark can cause the nitrogen in the air to form which gas?
Nitrogen oxide (adds to acid rain)
List the effects on the environment of acid rain
Acidic lakes and streams killing fish and plants
Poisons trees
What is a compound?
Different types of atoms chemically joined
What is a physical change?
Remains same substance but in a different state
E.g. Melting and boiling
Easy to reverse
What is a chemical change?
Substance changes to a different one
E.g. Burning
Rusting
Difficult to reverse
How do we make carbon dioxide in a lab ?
Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid –> calcium chloride + water + CO2
What is the method for collecting CO2?
Upwards displacement
Also called downward delivery
What is the test for CO 2?
Turns limewater cloudy
What type of reaction uses heat to break down a compound?
Thermal decomposition
List facts about CO2?
Part of carbon cycle Used in photosynthesis Given out when burning fossil fuels A greenhouse gas Contributes to climate change Dense
What is oxidation?
Gain of oxygen
Loss of electrons
OiL
What is reduction?
Loss of oxygen
Gain of electrons
RiG
What is a redox reaction?
Both gain and loss of oxygen or electrons
