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Chem > Periodic Table > Flashcards

Periodic Table Flashcards

think abt grp first

1
Q

Periodic table element arrange by…? why?

A

increasing proton no.
- element end up, columns, other elements, similar properties

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2
Q

element in same grp have

A
  1. similar chemical formula, reactions, properties
  2. gradual change, phys properties
  3. same valence e-

Similar Chem Formula, Grp 1, bonding w/ Oxygen
Na2 O
K2 O
Rb2 O

Chemical properties
how elements act in chemical reaction

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3
Q

is metal/nonmetal phys or chem property?

A

physical

Chemical properties
how elements act in chemical reaction

e.g. chemical property
strength of acid

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4
Q

as nuclear charge increases, atomic radii:

A

decreases

NUCLEAR CHARGE
total charge, protons in nucleus, atom

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5
Q

Grp 1, 2, 13

  1. Structure
  2. oxide type
  3. character
A
  1. GIMS/GILS
  2. basic // amphotheric
  3. metal, ionic

nonmetal + metal transfer e- = ionic
nonmetal + nonmetal share e- = covalent

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6
Q

Grp 14

  1. Structure
  2. oxide type
  3. character
A
  1. GMS
  2. acidic, neutraic
  3. tendency form covalent compound, share e-
    metalloid/nonmetal

  1. nonmetal + nonmetal share e- = covalent
  2. metalloid IS NOT transition metals. Transition is 4-13.
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7
Q

Grp 15,16,17

  1. Structure
  2. oxide type
  3. character

Grp 4-14 is Transition

A
  1. SMS
  2. acidic
  3. nonmetal, ionic

nonmetal + metal transfer e- = ionic

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8
Q

is grp 18 nonmetal or metal?

A

nonmetal
different properties, other nonmetal

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9
Q

max no. electron intake a shell can take

A

n = Period
2n^2

Valence Electron Calculation
Initial shell: alw 2 electron
Last shell: use formula // charge

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10
Q

Grp 1
Grp 2
Grp 17
Names

A

G1: Alkali metals
G2: Earth metals
G17: Halogens

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11
Q

Unique phys properties as u go down grp
G1 Elements

A

Generally, as u go down the grp:
1. mp, bp decrease
2. Hardness decrease
3. Increase rate reactivity
4. Alkaline
5. Physics sucks lol, thats why float, water

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12
Q

Unique phys properties as u go down grp
G17 Elements

Oppose G1 elements

A

Generally, as u go down the grp:
1. mp, bp increase
2. Colour intensity increase
3. Decrease rate reactivity

halide colourless substance
halogen coloured substance

g17 reactivity depends on ease of gaining valence e-

harder gain valence e- when increase atomic radii (more shells) due to weak electrostatic force of attraction w/ valence e-

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13
Q

G17 why mp, bp increase as go down grp

Oppose G1 elements

A
  1. molecular size increases, more electrons, molecules of __ than ___
  2. intermolecular forces of attraction increase, more thermal energy, overcome
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14
Q

G1 why mp, bp decrease as you go down grp

Oppose G1 elements

A

shielding effect

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15
Q

Does G1 elements tarnish quickly?

Describe G1 metals reaction w/ water (With Universal Indicator)

A

Tarnishing
Due 2 reaction w/ oxygen

DONT WRITE EXPLOSIVELY! not all g1 react explosively
1. a lot of efferverscence, produce hydrogen gas
2. flame is seen
3. UI green -> purple

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ep_FO9CxYSFbxmf3Zqg9mgm9NNyt2enpfMDr49gufrU/edit?tab=t.0 Page 11

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16
Q

reactivity increase, decrease
format

PHYS PROPERTIES NOT AFFECTED BY E-, ONLY CHEM PROPERTIES i.e. reactivity, how they react

A

CATIONS: Ease of losing valence e-
1. G1 need lose 1 electron only react easiest
2. atomic radii increase
3. lesser electrostatic force of e- btwn electron, nucleus, easier lose valence e-

ANIONS: Ease of gaining valence e-
1. atomic radii decrease
2. more electrostatic forces of e- btwn electron, nucleus, easier gain valence e-

use molecular size when molecules (i.e. Br 2) are involved.

for 1:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ep_FO9CxYSFbxmf3Zqg9mgm9NNyt2enpfMDr49gufrU/edit?tab=t.0 page 12

17
Q

G1 Elements
chemical properties

A
  1. vry reactive stored under oil
  2. react w/ H2o (cold/rm temp) -> hydrogen gas + strong alkaline soln.

E.g. eqn:
2Na + 2H2o -> 2NaOH + H2

strong alkaline soln. turns Universal Indicator -> purple

18
Q

why keep grp1 elements in oil

A

oil prevent reaction w/ surrounding, o2, water

19
Q

is hydrogen flammable?

A

yes
- but need continuous supply o2, burn

Reason why extinguish w/ pop sound is:
- flame uses up so much more o2, extinguishes

20
Q

when u move down ANY grp, what phys property increases?

A

More metallic
- more ability, lose valence e-

21
Q

what are halides

A

ions of Grp 17

(when Grp17 elements bond)

i.e.
Chloride
iodide

COLOURLESS

22
Q

Fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine

rtp colour

A

Flourine: yellowish
Chlorine: yellowish-green
Bromine: reddish-brown
Iodine: purplish-black
Astatine: black

23
Q

Fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine

rtp state

A

Flourine: gas
Chlorine: gas
Bromine: liquid
Iodine: solid
Astatine: solid

24
Q

Grp 17 physical properties

A
  1. low mp, bp (small amt heat need overcome weak intermolecular forces, sms)
  2. toxic
  3. coloured substances
25
Q

use of
helium
neon
argon

A

helium: weather balloon, safer than N2 gas, use, divers
neon: advertising lights
argon: fill up light bulb, weld stainless steel

26
Q

Grp 17
as you go down grp, trend

A
  1. mp, bp increase
  2. colour intensity increase
  3. reactivity decrease
27
Q

Grp 18
phys, chem properties

A
  1. inert, stable electronic config
  2. low MP, BP
  3. 8 valence e-, except He
  4. monoatomic
  5. colourless, odorless
  6. insoluble, water
  7. low density
28
Q

Grp 18
move down grp
trend

A

mp, bp increases

29
Q

transition metal
features

A
  • form multiple ions, variable oxidation states
  • form coloured compounds
  • high MP, BP
  • high density
30
Q

do all transition metals have variable Oxidation States?

A

no!
Zn, Ag only 1 OS

31
Q

examples of catalysts

A

Making HNo3
catalyst: Pt (Transition Metal)

32
Q

iodine soln color

A

brown soln.
black solid

partially dissolved

33
Q

periodic table
period 2 means…

A

total 2 electron shells

34
Q

when move across ANY period, what phys property change?

A

less metallic
- less ability, lose valence e-

35
Q

phys properties metals usually have

that G1 metals are diff

A

metals typically
- high density (G1 low density, LiNaK float water)
- high mp, bp (G1 low mp, bp)

36
Q

g2 metals
phys properties

A

form mostly dull coloured compounds

37
Q

rubidium
caesium
francium
reactions w/ water

A

rubidium: explode w/ sparks
caesium: rapid explosion, due 2 production, hydrogen
francium: 2 reactive, predict

38
Q

transition metal compound industrial uses

A

pigments in many paints

39
Q

besides industrially
where else transition metals used, catalyst

A

car exhausts
1. catalytic converter
2. reduce lvls, NO produced

geog says that car engines produce NO Co2

but sadly no transition metal can catalyse a reaction that reduces Co2 production :_(

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