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Periodic Table Flashcards

think abt grp first

1
Q

Periodic table element arrange by…? why?

A

increasing proton no.
- element end up, columns, other elements, similar properties

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2
Q

element in same grp have

A
  1. similar chemical formula, reactions, properties
  2. gradual change, phys properties
  3. same valence e-

Similar Chem Formula, Grp 1, bonding w/ Oxygen
Na2 O
K2 O
Rb2 O

Chemical properties
how elements act in chemical reaction

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3
Q

is metal/nonmetal phys or chem property?

A

physical

Chemical properties
how elements act in chemical reaction

e.g. chemical property
strength of acid

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4
Q

as nuclear charge increases, atomic radii:

A

decreases

NUCLEAR CHARGE
total charge, protons in nucleus, atom

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5
Q

Grp 1, 2, 13

  1. Structure
  2. oxide type
  3. character
A
  1. GIMS/GILS
  2. basic // amphotheric
  3. metal, ionic

nonmetal + metal transfer e- = ionic
nonmetal + nonmetal share e- = covalent

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6
Q

Grp 14

  1. Structure
  2. oxide type
  3. character
A
  1. GMS
  2. acidic, neutraic
  3. tendency form covalent compound, share e-
    metalloid/nonmetal

  1. nonmetal + nonmetal share e- = covalent
  2. metalloid IS NOT transition metals. Transition is 4-13.
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7
Q

Grp 15,16,17

  1. struct of element
  2. oxide type
  3. character

Grp 4-14 is Transition

A
  1. SMS
  2. acidic
  3. nonmetal, ionic

nonmetal + metal transfer e- = ionic

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8
Q

is grp 18 nonmetal or metal?

A

nonmetal
different properties, other nonmetal

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9
Q

total max no of valence electrons a shell can take

A

n = Period
2n^2

Valence Electron Calculation
Initial shell: alw 2 electron
Last shell: use formula // charge

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10
Q

Grp 1
Grp 2
Grp 17
Names

A

G1: Alkali metals
G2: Earth metals
G17: Halogens

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11
Q

Unique phys properties as u go down grp
G1 Elements

A

Generally, as u go down the grp:
1. mp, bp decrease
2. Hardness decrease
3. Increase rate reactivity
4. Alkaline
5. Physics sucks lol, thats why float, water

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12
Q

Unique phys properties as u go down grp
G17 Elements

Oppose G1 elements

A

Generally, as u go down the grp:
1. mp, bp increase
2. Colour intensity increase
3. Decrease rate reactivity

halide colourless substance
halogen coloured substance

g17 reactivity depends on ease of gaining valence e-

harder gain valence e- when increase atomic radii (more shells) due to weak electrostatic force of attraction w/ valence e-

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13
Q

G17 why mp, bp increase as go down grp

Oppose G1 elements

A
  1. molecular size increases, more electrons
  2. intermolecular forces of attraction btwn nucleus, electrons increase, more thermal energy, overcome

non particulate level explanation
more bonds to break

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14
Q

G1 why mp, bp decrease as you go down grp

Oppose G1 elements

A

shielding effect

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15
Q

Does G1 elements tarnish quickly?

Describe G1 metals reaction w/ water (With Universal Indicator)

A

Tarnishing
Due 2 quick reaction w/ oxygen

DONT WRITE EXPLOSIVELY! not all g1 react explosively
1. a lot of efferverscence, produce hydrogen gas
2. flame is seen
3. UI green -> purple

Tarnish
black greyish solid,
affect metals due to reaction w/ oxygen

Rust
red-brownish substance
only affect iron

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ep_FO9CxYSFbxmf3Zqg9mgm9NNyt2enpfMDr49gufrU/edit?tab=t.0 Page 11

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16
Q

reactivity increase, decrease
format

PHYS PROPERTIES NOT AFFECTED BY E-, ONLY CHEM PROPERTIES i.e. reactivity, how they react

A

CATIONS: Ease of losing valence e-
1. G1 need lose 1 electron only react easiest
2. atomic radii increase
3. lesser electrostatic force of e- btwn electron, nucleus, easier lose valence e-

ANIONS: Ease of gaining valence e-
1. atomic radii decrease
2. more electrostatic forces of e- btwn electron, nucleus, easier gain valence e-

use molecular size when molecules (i.e. Br 2) are involved.

for 1:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ep_FO9CxYSFbxmf3Zqg9mgm9NNyt2enpfMDr49gufrU/edit?tab=t.0 page 12

17
Q

G1 Elements
chemical properties

A
  1. vry reactive stored under oil
  2. react w/ H2o (cold/rm temp) -> hydrogen gas + strong alkaline soln.

E.g. eqn:
2Na + 2H2o -> 2NaOH + H2

strong alkaline soln. turns Universal Indicator -> purple

18
Q

why keep grp1 elements in oil

A

oil prevent reaction w/ surrounding, o2, water

19
Q

is hydrogen flammable?

A

yes
- but need continuous supply o2, burn

Reason why extinguish w/ pop sound is:
- flame uses up so much more o2, extinguishes

20
Q

when u move down ANY grp, what phys property increases?

A

More metallic
- more ability, lose valence e-

21
Q

what are halides

A

ions of Grp 17

(when Grp17 elements bond)

i.e.
Chloride
iodide

COLOURLESS

22
Q

Fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine

rtp colour

A

Flourine: yellowish
Chlorine: yellowish-green
Bromine: reddish-brown
Iodine: purplish-black
Astatine: black

23
Q

Fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine

rtp state

A

Flourine: gas
Chlorine: gas
Bromine: liquid
Iodine: solid
Astatine: solid

24
Q

Grp 17 physical properties

A
  1. low mp, bp (small amt heat need overcome weak intermolecular forces, sms)
  2. toxic
  3. coloured substances
25
use of helium neon argon
**helium:** weather balloon, **safer than N2 gas, use, divers** **neon:** advertising lights **argon:** fill up light bulb, weld stainless steel
26
Grp 18 phys, chem properties
1. inert, stable electronic config 2. low MP, BP 3. 8 valence e-, except He 4. monoatomic 5. colourless, odorless 6. insoluble, water 7. low density
27
Grp 18 move down grp trend
mp, bp increases
28
transition metal features
- form multiple ions, **variable** oxidation states - form coloured **compounds** - high MP, BP - high density
29
do all transition metals have variable Oxidation States?
**no!** Zn, Ag only 1 **OS**
30
iodine soln color
brown soln. black solid ## Footnote partially dissolved
31
**periodic table** period 2 means...
total 2 electron shells
32
when move across **ANY** period, what phys property change?
less metallic - less ease, lose valence e-
33
phys properties metals usually have that G1 metals are diff
**metals typically** - high density (G1 low density, LiNaK float water) - high mp, bp (G1 low mp, bp)
34
g2 metals phys properties
form mostly dull coloured compounds
35
rubidium caesium francium reactions w/ water
rubidium: explode w/ sparks caesium: rapid explosion, due 2 production, hydrogen francium: 2 reactive, predict
36
transition metal compound industrial uses
pigments in many paints
37
write displacement ionic eqn copper (II) sulfate zinc
Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) -> Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq)

Chem (18 decks)

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