Periodic Table Flashcards
think abt grp first
Periodic table element arrange by…? why?
increasing proton no.
- element end up, columns, other elements, similar properties
element in same grp have
- similar chemical formula, reactions, properties
- gradual change, phys properties
- same valence e-
Similar Chem Formula, Grp 1, bonding w/ Oxygen
Na2 O
K2 O
Rb2 O
Chemical properties
how elements act in chemical reaction
is metal/nonmetal phys or chem property?
physical
Chemical properties
how elements act in chemical reaction
e.g. chemical property
strength of acid
as nuclear charge increases, atomic radii:
decreases
NUCLEAR CHARGE
total charge, protons in nucleus, atom
Grp 1, 2, 13
- Structure
- oxide type
- character
- GIMS/GILS
- basic // amphotheric
- metal, ionic
nonmetal + metal transfer e- = ionic
nonmetal + nonmetal share e- = covalent
Grp 14
- Structure
- oxide type
- character
- GMS
- acidic, neutraic
- tendency form covalent compound, share e-
metalloid/nonmetal
- nonmetal + nonmetal share e- = covalent
- metalloid IS NOT transition metals. Transition is 4-13.
Grp 15,16,17
- Structure
- oxide type
- character
Grp 4-14 is Transition
- SMS
- acidic
- nonmetal, ionic
nonmetal + metal transfer e- = ionic
is grp 18 nonmetal or metal?
nonmetal
different properties, other nonmetal
total max no of valence electrons a shell can take
n = Period
2n^2
Valence Electron Calculation
Initial shell: alw 2 electron
Last shell: use formula // charge
Grp 1
Grp 2
Grp 17
Names
G1: Alkali metals
G2: Earth metals
G17: Halogens
Unique phys properties as u go down grp
G1 Elements
Generally, as u go down the grp:
1. mp, bp decrease
2. Hardness decrease
3. Increase rate reactivity
4. Alkaline
5. Physics sucks lol, thats why float, water
Unique phys properties as u go down grp
G17 Elements
Oppose G1 elements
Generally, as u go down the grp:
1. mp, bp increase
2. Colour intensity increase
3. Decrease rate reactivity
halide colourless substance
halogen coloured substance
g17 reactivity depends on ease of gaining valence e-
harder gain valence e- when increase atomic radii (more shells) due to weak electrostatic force of attraction w/ valence e-
G17 why mp, bp increase as go down grp
Oppose G1 elements
- molecular size increases, more electrons
- intermolecular forces of attraction btwn nucleus, electrons increase, more thermal energy, overcome
non particulate level explanation
more bonds to break
G1 why mp, bp decrease as you go down grp
Oppose G1 elements
shielding effect
Does G1 elements tarnish quickly?
Describe G1 metals reaction w/ water (With Universal Indicator)
Tarnishing
Due 2 quick reaction w/ oxygen
DONT WRITE EXPLOSIVELY! not all g1 react explosively
1. a lot of efferverscence, produce hydrogen gas
2. flame is seen
3. UI green -> purple
Tarnish
black greyish solid,
affect metals due to reaction w/ oxygen
Rust
red-brownish substance
only affect iron
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ep_FO9CxYSFbxmf3Zqg9mgm9NNyt2enpfMDr49gufrU/edit?tab=t.0 Page 11
reactivity increase, decrease
format
PHYS PROPERTIES NOT AFFECTED BY E-, ONLY CHEM PROPERTIES i.e. reactivity, how they react
CATIONS: Ease of losing valence e-
1. G1 need lose 1 electron only react easiest
2. atomic radii increase
3. lesser electrostatic force of e- btwn electron, nucleus, easier lose valence e-
ANIONS: Ease of gaining valence e-
1. atomic radii decrease
2. more electrostatic forces of e- btwn electron, nucleus, easier gain valence e-
use molecular size when molecules (i.e. Br 2) are involved.
for 1:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ep_FO9CxYSFbxmf3Zqg9mgm9NNyt2enpfMDr49gufrU/edit?tab=t.0 page 12
G1 Elements
chemical properties
- vry reactive stored under oil
- react w/ H2o (cold/rm temp) -> hydrogen gas + strong alkaline soln.
E.g. eqn:
2Na + 2H2o -> 2NaOH + H2
strong alkaline soln. turns Universal Indicator -> purple
why keep grp1 elements in oil
oil prevent reaction w/ surrounding, o2, water
is hydrogen flammable?
yes
- but need continuous supply o2, burn
Reason why extinguish w/ pop sound is:
- flame uses up so much more o2, extinguishes
when u move down ANY grp, what phys property increases?
More metallic
- more ability, lose valence e-
what are halides
ions of Grp 17
(when Grp17 elements bond)
i.e.
Chloride
iodide
COLOURLESS
Fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine
rtp colour
Flourine: yellowish
Chlorine: yellowish-green
Bromine: reddish-brown
Iodine: purplish-black
Astatine: black
Fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine
rtp state
Flourine: gas
Chlorine: gas
Bromine: liquid
Iodine: solid
Astatine: solid
Grp 17 physical properties
- low mp, bp (small amt heat need overcome weak intermolecular forces, sms)
- toxic
- coloured substances
use of
helium
neon
argon
helium: weather balloon, safer than N2 gas, use, divers
neon: advertising lights
argon: fill up light bulb, weld stainless steel
Grp 18
phys, chem properties
- inert, stable electronic config
- low MP, BP
- 8 valence e-, except He
- monoatomic
- colourless, odorless
- insoluble, water
- low density
Grp 18
move down grp
trend
mp, bp increases
transition metal
features
- form multiple ions, variable oxidation states
- form coloured compounds
- high MP, BP
- high density
do all transition metals have variable Oxidation States?
no!
Zn, Ag only 1 OS
iodine soln color
brown soln.
black solid
partially dissolved
periodic table
period 2 means…
total 2 electron shells
when move across ANY period, what phys property change?
less metallic
- less ease, lose valence e-
phys properties metals usually have
that G1 metals are diff
metals typically
- high density (G1 low density, LiNaK float water)
- high mp, bp (G1 low mp, bp)
g2 metals
phys properties
form mostly dull coloured compounds
rubidium
caesium
francium
reactions w/ water
rubidium: explode w/ sparks
caesium: rapid explosion, due 2 production, hydrogen
francium: 2 reactive, predict
transition metal compound industrial uses
pigments in many paints
write displacement ionic eqn
copper (II) sulfate
zinc
Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) -> Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq)
