ch5 struct Flashcards
3 types of bonding
Covalent, Metallic, Ionic
Match these respective bonding to the structure
- G I L S
- G M S
- G M L S
- SMS
- M
Giant Ionic Lattice Structure - Ionic Bonding
Giant Molecular Structure - Covalent Bonding
Giant Metallic Lattice Structure - Metallic Bonding
Simple Molecular Structure - Covalent Bonding
Macromolecule - Covalent Bonding
Diamond Structure vs Silicon Dioxide Structure (1 similarity, 1 difference)
SIMILARITY: Diamond and Silicon Dioxide Structure:
Tetrahedral, arrangement
DIFFERENCE:
Diamond: Carbon, atoms, bonded, four, other, carbon, atoms
Silicon Dioxide: Oxygen, atom, bonded, two, silicon, atoms
Silicon, atom, bonded, four, oxygen, atoms
for siO2 (silicon dioxide)
1 si bonded to 2*2 = 4 oxygen atoms
1 oxygen bonded to 1*2 = 2 silicon atoms
Diamond Industrial Uses
- Used as drill bits
- Cutting tools for glass
**Not accepted: Used as jewelry
Is pencil lead made out of Lead (Pb) or Graphite?
Graphite
Is silicon dioxide (Sand) M________ or GMS?
Giant Molecular Structure (tetrahedral arrangement)
2 types of forces
- Weak intermolecular Forces of attraction
- strong electrostatic forces of attraction
Is Pencil Lead M or GMS? What is its arrangment?
Graphite: Giant Molecular Structure
Structure: Within, each, layer, carbon atoms, arranged, form, hexagonal, rings
Desc Graphite forces and bonding
Forces: Weak, intermolecular, forces, of attraction, exist, between, hexagonal, flat, layers of atoms.
Bonding: strong, covalent, bonds, exist, between, atoms
cube
Giant Ionic Lattice Structure forces and bonds and structure
- Each, ion, surrounded, 6, other, ions
- Strong, ionic, bonds
- Cations, anions, held together, strong electrostatic forces
** A cube has 6 faces. Thus, each atom is surrounded by 6 other atoms
Ionic bonds are formed by?
Metal, nonmetal, transferring, electrons
Derive
Giant Ionic Lattice Structure - Physical Properties
- Ionic compounds, typically dissolve -> water,
- does not dissolve, organic solvent
- hard, brittle
- high melting point boiling point
- conducts electricity+heat, molten, aqueous state
GILLS of fish like water hate other solvents
Giant Molecular Structure physical properties
- High melting, boiling, points
- Doesn’t, conduct, electricity
- insoluble, organic solvent, insoluble, water
- Very hard
GMS, GMLS hates everything, does not dissolve in anything
Giant Metallic Lattice Structure physical properties
- High Boiling, melting, points (w/ exception, Grp 1)
- Good, conductor, electricity
- Malleable, ductile, soft
- Not soluble in water or organic solvent
Simple Molecular Structure physical properties
- Low melting, boiling, points
- Dosen’t, conduct, electricity
- Dissolves, organic solvent, but not in water
- Soft
GILS -> sol. water
SMS -> sol. organic solvent
GMS, GIMS -> all insol.
DID YOU KNOW:
Pure H2o VS Graphite conductivity
Pure H2o has little electrical conductivity (no mobile electrons)
Graphite has high electrical conductivity (has mobile electrons)
Chemical Formulaes of:
Methane
Buthane
Ethanol
Methane: Ch4
Buthane: C4H10
Ethanol: C2H5OH
Meth: 1c
Etha: 2c
Pro: 3c
Buth: 4c
Nol: OH
What are allotropes?
Different forms, arrangments, atoms, same element
Etc allotropes of carbon
diamond and graphite
Molecular formula
of a isotope of an element
Relative Molecular Mass (Given Mr in question)/Mr according to periodic table
Air Mr
30
Why does something not conduct electricity?
No, mobile, electrons, electrons are used, in ____ bonding
Hydroxide
Carbonate
Ammonium
Sulfate
Nitrate
Phosphate
Anions
Hydroxide - OH-
Carbonate - Co3 2-
Sulfate - So4 2-
Nitrate - No3 -
Phosphate - Po4 3-
Cations
Nh4 +
Derive from the h_____ , f____ layers and m_____ e_____
Graphite properties
- High, melting, boiling, point
- Hexagonal, flat, layers, slide, over, easily, when, force, applied, soft, slippery
- High, electrical, conductivity
- Not soluble in organic solvent, not soluble in water
Pencil lead hates water and alcohol. Just like Diamond, and GIMS!
Unlike:
GILS - Likes water, hates alcohol
SMS - Hates alcohol, likes water
Flat and hexagonal
Diamond properties
- High, melting, boiling, point
- Tetrahedral, arrangement, strong, covalent, bonds, very, hard
- Doesn’t, conduct electricity
- Doesn’t, dissolve, water, alcohol
GMLS, Lead, Diamond: hates water and alcohol
GILS: Likes water, hates alcohol
SMS: Hates water, likes alcohol
Arrangment vs Structure
Arrangment: Hexagonal, flat, layers, Tetrahedral Arrangment
Structure: GMS, GILS, GMLS, SMS, macromolecular
Conductivity of Metal format
Not all electrons are used in ____ bonding , Sea of mobile electrons, act as charge carriers
Why are ionic bonds strong?
Electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions are very strong
Emperical Formulae
formula -> proportions, elements present, not actual no., arrangment atoms
Allotrope
Different, structures, formed, same, element
When you melt or boil SMS and GMS, is it required to break strong covalent bonds?
GMS: Required to break strong covalent bonds
SMS: Only required to overcome weak intermolecular forces of attraction
Valence vs Valency
Valence - Outer Shell
Valency - The number of electrons used to form chemical bonds
Number of electrons used in graphite bonding
3/4
there is 1 free electron
how are metal atoms held tgt in GMLS? Why are the bonds strong?
- metal atoms held tgt strongly by metallic bonds
- metallic bonds strong -> strong electrostatic forces between positively charged ions, mobile electrons
giant metallic lattice structure
what effect does metallic lattice have on electrons in GMLS?
giant metallic lattice structure
- atoms lose valence electrons
- mobile electrons
how do electrons move in GMLS?
giant metallic lattice structure
- mobile electrons move freely in sea of electrons
why are metals malleable and ductile?
- layers, positive ions, slide over each other, take up different positions -> flexible
- metallic bonds, not broken -> strong
recall
Malleable -> hammered into diff. shapes w/o breaking
Ductile -> drawn into wires w/o breaking
difference betwen why metal, ionic, can conduct electricity
Giant Ionic Lattice Structure -> molten/aq state -> mobile ions, carry charge
Giant Metallic Lattice Structure -> mobile electrons, act as charge carriers
physical properties of macromolecules
- no fixed mp bp when formed molecules diff. sizes
REST SAME AS SMS
DOES NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
why metals have high melting, boiling pts
- strong electrostatic forces requires large amt. of energy, overcome
RECALL
giant metallic lattice structure
- metallic bonds strong ->** strong electrostatic forces** between positively charged ions, mobile electron
define alloy
mixture of metal w/ one/more other elements
physical properties of alloy as compared to pure metals
an alloy is…
- stronger, harder
- more resistance to corrosion
why are alloys stronger than pure metals?
- pure metal atoms, same size, arrange orderly manner, slide over each other easily
- atoms from other elements, diff. size, disrupt orderly arrangement, cannot slide over each other easily
how to draw metallic lattice
TAKE NOTE!!
- charges of e- must balance charges of ions
- electrons must be disorderly drawn
4 example of alloys + what they contain
- brass (Cu, Zn)
- bronze (Cu, Sn)
- steel (Fe, C)
- Stainless steel (Fe, C, Ni/Cr) -> slower rusting
