Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chem > ch7 acid base > Flashcards

ch7 acid base Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

“bubbling” chemistry term

A

efferverscence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fill in the blanks.

More acid means more ___ ions.
More alkaline means more ___ ions

A

More acid means H+ ions
More alkali means OH- ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When an acid ionises, what does it represent?

A

ability for acid to release hydrogen ion (acidity of acid)

More Hydrogen Ions released = More acidic

EXAMPLE BETWEEN 2 STRONG ACIDS
Ionisation of HCl -> H+ Cl
Ionisation of nitric acid -> 2H+ + No3-

Nitric acid acidity > HCl acidity

EXAMPLE BETWEEN 1 STRONG ACID, 1 WEAK ACID
Ionisation of 10,000 HCl molecules -> 10,000 H+ atoms + 10,000 Cl - atoms

Ionisation of 10,000 CH3COOH -> 3 Ch3Cooh- molecules + 3 H+ atoms

**Therefore, strong acid HCl is so much more strong (10,000 H+ atoms) as compared to weak acid CH3COOH (3 H+ atoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name of salt produced if reacted with…

  1. sulfuric acid
  2. nitric acid
  3. hydrochloric acid
  4. phosphoric acid
  5. ethanoic acid
A
  1. sulfate
  2. nitrate
  3. chloride
  4. phosphate
  5. ethanoate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 eqn.

(acid + ___)

A

alkali + ammonium salt -> ammonia + salt + water
acid + alkali/base -> salt + water
acid + reactive metal -> salt + hydrogen
acid + carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water

ammonium only found in salts

ALKALIIIIIII!!!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 unreactive metals

A
  • gold
  • silver
  • copper

just happens to correspond to 3 tiers of medals

however, silver, copper oxide exists while gold oxide dosent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which keywords signalises a base/akali?

A
  • (all metal except gold) oxide
  • (all metal except gold) hydroxide

definition of base is still:
oxide formed w/ reactive metal, reacts w/ acid to form salt, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is —> in chemical eqn? What does it show?

A
  • strong acid/alkali
  • complete ionisation
  • irreversible reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is
⇌

in chemical eqn? what does it show?

A
  • weak acid/alkali
  • partial ionisation
  • reversible reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in which solution can acid ionise, and in which solution can acid not ionise?

A

Ionise in water
Does not ionise in anything else, including alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If I have 10,000 HCL molecules and add water into it, how many H+ and Cl- ions there are?

A

10,000 H+ ions
10,000 Cl- ions

strong acid -> complete ionisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ethanoic, nitric acid formulas

A

ethanoic: CH3COOH
nitric: HNO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acids properties (6 pointers)

A
  • sour taste
  • conduct electricity in (aq) state
  • turns blue litmus paper red
  • turns Universal Indicator from green towards red
  • corrosive when conc.
  • pH 1-6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define acids

A
  • substances that produce H+ ions when dissolved in water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1 Can acids/akali be solid?
2 Can acids/alkali be covalent compounds?

A

1 no.

2 yes!! Just need water
Example: Hydrogen chloride dissolves to become hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1 Does Lead react with dilute HCl and H2So4?

2 Does Lead react with dilute nitric acid? HNo3?

A

1 Partially
2 Yes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why dosen’t lead react/not react with dilute HCl and H2SO4?

A

LINK
It partially reacts.

REASON
- insoluble layer forms, prevents further reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is sulfuric acid used for? (2 uses)

A
  • fertilisers, car batteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ethanoic acid used for? (1 uses)

A
  • vinegar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 3 Strong and 1 Weak acid

A

Strong
Hcl, H2So4, HNo3

weak
- all organic acids
- e.g. CH3COOH

What does organic mean in Chem?
Anything with Carbon in the formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does organic mean in Chem?

A

Anything with Carbon in the formula

22
Q

what is hydrochloric acid used for? (1 use)

A

remove rust -> clean metal surfaces

23
Q

eqn. for Ionisation of HCl, H2So4, H3Po4. Given that H3Po4 is a weak acid, Which of the following is the most acidic?

A

HCl -> H+ + Cl
H2So4 -> 2H+ + SO42-
H3Po4 ⇌ 3H+ + Po43-

Most acidic
H2So4 (Sulfuric acid)

WHY?
Dibasic strong acid -> out of 100 H2So4, (2x100) H2 will be produced.

H3Po4 is weak acid -> out of 100 H3Po4, only maybe 3 H+ will be produced.

Clarification
Strength IS NOT mainly affected by basicity, but by the sign strong/weak acid

24
Q

Define alkali

A
  • Substance that produce OH- ions when dissolve in water
  • Base soluble in water
25
Q

alkalis to memorise

A
  • aqueous ammonia nh3 (aq)

NH4 OH is rejected!! will penalise if write that. Use nh3 (aq) for aqueous ammonia

26
Q

5 Properties of alkali

A
  • bitter taste
  • feel slippery
  • conduct electricity in (aq) state
  • turn universal indicator blue, indigo, violet
  • pH 8-14
27
Q

Are alkalis corrosive?

A
  • Yes, for Conc. forms of strong alkalis
28
Q

2 irl Uses of alkali

A
  • toothpaste
  • antacid
29
Q

in neutral solution, what is the concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions?

A

Conc. of H+ ions = Conc. of OH- ions

Common misconception:
There are no ions -> THIS IS NOT TRUE!!

ACTUALLY, THERE ARE EQUAL CONC. OF H+ and OH- IONS

30
Q

pH<7 means…?**

when pH<7, what can be concluded about conc. of H+ and OH- ions?

Fill in the blanks
The ___ the pH value, the ___ the conc. of H+ ions

A

conc. of H+ ions > conc. of OH- ions

Fill in the blanks
higher, lower or
lower, higher

31
Q

What does pH actually measure?

A
  • conc. of H+, OH- ions
32
Q

when pH>7, what can be concluded about conc. of H+ and OH- ions?

A

H+ ions < OH- ions

alt. answer: OH- ions > H+ ions

33
Q

conc. vs strength

A

conc: amt of dissolved substance
- can be changed
- dilute/conc.

strength: ease of dissociation of acid molecules
- every acid is fixed
- strong/weak

no such thing as “very strong”

olvl syllablus only “strong” or “weak”

34
Q

which one reacts more?

X reacts readily to Y
Z reacts vigorously to Y

A

Z reacts more.

Vigorously > Readily in terms of reaction

35
Q

Write the eqn. for ionisation of HOCL (Hypochlorous acid) given that it is a weak acid

A

HOCL ⇌ H+ + OCl-

Must add charges. This is ionisation

36
Q

magnesium is a metal

weak acid vs strong acid
with same amount of H+ ions released upon dissolving in water

reaction w/ magnesium
differences, similarities

A

difference:
- weak acid releases lower conc., H+ ions

similarity:
- weak acid releases same vol of gas as strong acid (only if same amt of H+)

37
Q

Which keywords signalises an alkali?

A

LINK:
Alkali is base that is soluble in water

ammonium/(grp1) oxide/hydroxide

38
Q

ammonium vs ammonia full list of differences

A

nium
- only found in salt
- all states
nia
- base
- gas/(aq) state
- default state: gas
- NH3

LINK
- all bases can dissociate in water and will give out OH- (hydroxide ions)

39
Q

I have weak acid X. What can I conclude about it?

A
  • reactions, reversible
  • undergo partial/complete ionisation when dissolve -> water

Not all weak acids have Carbon inside of them, but all acids that are organic (have Carbon) are weak acids

40
Q

How to identify Acidic oxides

A

All non-metal oxides
- So2, So3, SiO2 e.g.
except for
- NO, CO, H2O

no cold water
NO CO H2O

41
Q

What is an oxide?

A

Any chemical formula containing oxygen

(can be o, O2, O3…)

42
Q

How to identify Neutraic Oxides

A

NO
CO
H2O

No Cold Water

Does not apply to other higher subscript oxide formulas

i.e. CO is neutraic but Co2, Co3 isnt

i.e. NO is neutraic, but No2 isnt.

*unrelated: N2 is neutral (btw n2 isn’t an oxide, no oxygen in formula)

43
Q

Acidic oxides chemical properties

A
  • React w/ alkali to form salt, water only
  • usually GAS at r.t.p., dissolve in water
44
Q

Neutraic oxide properties

A
  • does NOT react w acid/alkali
45
Q

How to identify basic oxide?

A

all metal oxides are basic
- e.g. Na2O, MgO, Fe2O3…

except
Zn
Al
Pb

ZAP

46
Q

Properties of basic oxides

A
  • Usually solid in r.t.p. insouble in water except (Grp1) oxides
  • react w/ acids, form salt+ water

Ammonium oxide does not exsist.

MISCONCEPTION
Base needs to dissolve to react.

Nope! It just dosen’t show alkali properties. Still will react.

47
Q

Amphoteric Oxides

A

Zn
Al
Pb

ZAP

48
Q

Properties of Amphoteric Oxides

A
  • insoluble in water
  • show both basic acidic properties

Zn
Al
Pb

(ZAP)

49
Q

I have acid X2H. It is weak dibasic acid. The formula of X2H ion is X2H 2-. Explain why it is weak with a use of equation

A

X2H ⇌ X 2- + 2H+

Why 2H? It is dibasic

1H is +
2H is 2+

To balance out the 2-

50
Q

H3 A

what is the charge of A?

A

A = 3-

51
Q

does base need to dissolve to react with acid

A

MISCONCEPTION
Base needs to be (aq) to react

ACTUAL
Nope! Insol. base dosen’t show alkali properties. Still will react.

WHERE IS THIS USED IN?
i.e. excess solid reactant method
aq. acid + insoluble base

HOWEVER
acid needs to be (aq). Acid CANNOT be solid.

Chem (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions